European Bison habitat in the Carpathian Mountains
European Bison habitat in the Carpathian Mountains
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.038
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Radeloff, Volker C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuemmerle, Tobias;Perzanowski, Kajetan;Radeloff, Volker C.
欧洲野牛（Bison bonasus）在20世纪初几乎没有灭绝，现在只存在于分散在中欧和东欧的孤立的小群中。我们评估了喀尔巴阡山脉的欧洲野牛栖息地，这里是欧洲野牛的大本营，也是唯一可能形成欧洲野牛大种群的地方之一。我们利用最大熵模型分析了无线电项圈野牛的牧群范围图和栖息地利用数据，确定了主要的栖息地变量，并绘制了整个喀尔巴阡山脉（210,000 km）的欧洲野牛栖息地图。森林覆盖（主要是核心林和穿孔林）和与人类干扰相关的变量最能预测野牛栖息地的适宜性。野牛对特定的森林类型没有明显的偏好，它们更喜欢有管理的草地，而不是休耕和废弃的田地。有几个大的、合适的、但目前无人居住的栖息地斑块，特别是在喀尔巴阡山脉东部。这一适宜的栖息地表明，欧洲野牛有机会在喀尔巴阡山脉建立一个可行的超种群，特别是如果最近人类压力下降和废弃农田重新造林的趋势继续下去的话。我们的研究结果也证实了罗马尼亚重新引入地点的适宜性，建立第一个欧洲野牛元种群将是在野外保护这一物种的一个里程碑，并展示了在保护大型食草动物及其在全球人类主导的景观中的生态作用方面迈出的重要而充满希望的一步。(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd版权所有
European Bison (Bison bonasus) barely escaped extinction in the early 20th century and now only occur in small isolated herds scattered across Central and Eastern Europe. The species survival in the wild depends on identifying suitable habitat for establishing bison metapopulations via reintroductions of new herds We assessed European Bison habitat across the Carpathian Mountains, a stronghold of European Bison and one of the only places where a viable bison metapopulation may be possible. We used maximum entropy models to analyze herd range maps and habitat use data from radio-collared bison to identify key habitat variables and map European Bison habitat across the entire Carpathian ecoregion (210.000 km(2)) Forest cover (primarily core and perforated forests) and variables linked to human disturbance best predict bison habitat suitability. Bison show no clear preference for particular forest types but prefer managed grasslands over fallow and abandoned fields Several large, suitable, but currently unoccupied habitat patches exist, particularly in the eastern Carpathians. This available suitable habitat suggests that European Bison have an opportunity to establish a viable Carpathian metapopulauon, especially if recent trends of declining human pressure and reforestation of abandoned farmland continue. Our results also confirm the suitability of a proposed Romanian reintroduction site Establishing the first European Bison metapopulation would be a milestone in efforts to conserve this species in the wild and demonstrate a significant and hopeful step towards conserving large grazers and their ecological roles in human-dominated landscapes across the globe. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.