Ecology of microbial invasions: Amplification allows virus carriers to invade more rapidly when rare
Ecology of microbial invasions: Amplification allows virus carriers to invade more rapidly when rare
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.089
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发表时间：
2006-10-24
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Taddei, Francois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Sam P.;Le Chat, Ludovic;Taddei, Francois
对于合理的参数，释放化学毒素作为击退入侵的常驻策略是上级的，而释放温和噬菌体作为入侵策略是上级的。当地适应的居民提出了一个强大的入侵屏障[1-3]。入侵者的一个解决方案是杀死居民[4]。在这里，我们探索了两种不同的微生物杀死竞争对手的机制的比较生态动态，通过释放化学物质（例如，细菌素[5]）和通过释放寄生虫（例如，温带噬菌体[6，7]）。我们比较了敏感E. coliK 12和噬菌体φ 80的同基因载体在实验培养物中的表达与使用独立导出的实验参数的数学模型所预期的一致。然而，由于宿主裂解的可能性，噬菌体是其载体的直接负担，通过杀死竞争细菌，它们可以间接受益于通过携带同基因噬菌体而免疫的细菌亲属。这类似于先前描述的细菌素介导的作用。然而，与化学杀灭不同，活噬菌体在易感竞争者中引发流行病，这些竞争者成为生产更多噬菌体的工厂。扩增使得噬菌体携带者能够在稀少的情况下更快地侵入混合良好的易感性，而化学杀手只有在足够丰富的情况下才能在混合良好的环境中获胜。我们证明，对于合理的参数，释放化学毒素是上级作为居民的战略，以击退入侵，而释放温和的噬菌体是上级作为入侵的策略。
that for plausible parameters, the release of chemical toxins is superior as a resident strategy to repel invasions, whereas the release of temperate phage is superior as a strategy of invasion. Locally adapted residents present a formidable barrier to invasion [1-3]. One solution for invaders is to kill residents [4]. Here, we explore the comparative ecological dynamics of two distinct microbial mechanisms of killing competitors, via the release of chemicals (e.g., bacteriocins [5]) and via the release of parasites (e.g., temperate phage [6, 7]). We compared the short-term population dynamics of susceptible E. coli K12 and isogenic carriers of phage phi 80 in experimental cultures to that anticipated by mathematical models using independently derived experimental parameters. Whereas phages are a direct burden to their carriers because of probabilistic host lysis, by killing competitor bacteria they can indirectly benefit bacterial kin made immune by carrying isogenic phage. This is similar to previously described bacteriocin-mediated effects. However, unlike chemical killing, viable phage trigger an epidemic among susceptible competitors, which become factories producing more phage. Amplification makes phage carriers able to invade well-mixed susceptibles even faster when rare, whereas chemical killers can only win in a well-mixed environment when sufficiently abundant. We demonstrate that for plausible parameters, the release of chemical toxins is superior as a resident strategy to repel invasions, whereas the release of temperate phage is superior as a strategy of invasion.