Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft: Market concentration - competition - innovation strategies
Apple, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft: Market concentration - competition - innovation strategies
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苹果、亚马逊、谷歌、Facebook、微软：市场集中度-竞争-创新战略
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发表时间：
2017
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通讯作者：
Ulrich Dolata
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作者：
Ulrich Dolata
本文通过对商业报告、文件、统计数据、文献和新闻稿的系统回顾和评价，分析了b谷歌、Facebook、苹果、亚马逊和微软等主要互联网公司的市场集中度和扩张创新战略。这些发现驳斥了市场分散化和互联网民主化正在发生的说法，也驳斥了研究、开发和创新过程正变得更加开放和协作的说法。被调查的五家公司作为全球互联网核心基础设施的运营商，塑造了互联网的整体产品和服务，决定了网络的访问，为用户构建了通信的可能性，并且是该领域创新的主要驱动力。不是去中心化、民主化和开放创新，而是市场集中、控制和权力斗争，这些都是足以描述商业互联网基本动态的类别。
Based on a systematic review and evaluation of business reports, documents, statistics, literature and press releases, this paper analyzes the market concentration and the expansion and innovation strategies of the leading internet companies Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon and Microsoft. The findings invalidate any claims that a decentralization of the market and a democratization of the internet is taking place, or that research, development and innovation processes are becoming more open and collaborative. The five examined companies, as the operators of the core infrastructures of the worldwide web, shape the overall products and services offer of the internet, determine access to the web, structure the communication possibilities for users, and are the main drivers of innovation in this field. Not decentralization, democratization and open innovation, but market concentration, control and power struggles are categories to adequately describe the fundamental dynamics of the commercial internet.