Occurrence and distribution of neonicotinoids and characteristic metabolites in paired urine and indoor dust from young adults: Implications for human exposure
Occurrence and distribution of neonicotinoids and characteristic metabolites in paired urine and indoor dust from young adults: Implications for human exposure
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新烟碱类杀虫剂和特征代谢物在年轻人配对尿液和室内灰尘中的出现和分布：对人类暴露的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2021.111175
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Lu Ligong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Hua;Shen Kui;Wu Ruan;Li Zhiyong;Wang Xiao;Wang Desheng;Zhan Meixiao;Xu Weiguo;Gao Yunfei;Lu Ligong
新烟碱类杀虫剂在世界范围内广泛用于害虫防治。中国尚未报告近地天体在成对尿液和室内灰尘中的分布情况。在这项研究中，40对样本（即，从中国广州市的大学生和宿舍收集了160份尿液和40份室内灰尘），以测量六个近地天体及其三种代谢物的浓度。在成对尿液（81%-98%）和室内灰尘（75%-95%）样本中经常检测到目标分析物，尿液中的中位浓度范围为0.02 [比重（SG）调整：0.02]至2.08（SG调整：2.38）ng/mL，室内灰尘中的中位浓度范围为0.05至2.74 ng/g。尿中以5-羟基吡虫啉为主，室内尘中以N-去甲基啶虫脒为主，分别占56%和37%。1-甲基-3-（四氢-3-呋喃甲基）脲是呋虫胺的降解物，首次在室内灰尘中测得，中位水平为1.02 ng/g。我们根据尿液和室内测量结果计算了目标化合物的估计日摄入量。所有尿液和室内灰尘样本中目标分析物的EDI各不相同，中位数范围分别为0.51（SG调整：0.56）至51.6（SG调整：52.8）ng/kg bw/天和0.04至2.10 pg/kg bw/天。女性中大多数目标分析物的EDISurine中位数显著高于男性（p< 0.05）。女生宿舍粉尘中目标化合物的EDIsdust中位数略高于男生宿舍粉尘。这些研究结果表明，女性比男性更容易受到近地天体的照射。因此，今后的研究应探讨成年女性接触近地物体及其代谢物的潜在健康风险。据我们所知，这项研究首次报告了中国年轻人成对尿液和室内灰尘样本中近地天体及其代谢物的分布情况。
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are widely used for pest control worldwide. The profile of NEOs in paired urine and indoor dust has not yet been reported in China. In this study, 40 paired samples (i.e., 160 urine and 40 indoor dust) were collected from university students and dormitories from Guangzhou City of China to measure the concentrations of six NEOs and their three metabolites. Target analytes were frequently detected in paired urine (81%–98%) and indoor dust (75%–95%) samples, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 [specific gravity (SG) adjusted: 0.02] to 2.08 (SG-adjusted: 2.38) ng/mL in urine and from 0.05 to 2.74 ng/g in indoor dust. 5-Hydroxy-imidacloprid was predominant in urine, whileN-desmethyl acetamiprid was predominant in indoor dust samples, accounting for 56% and 37%, respectively. 1-Methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl) urea, a dinotefuran degradate, was measured for the first time in indoor dust, with the median level of 1.02 ng/g. Significant gender-related differences (p< 0.05) in the urinary concentrations of most NEOs were found. We calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) of target compounds from urine and indoor measurements. The EDIs of target analytes varied among all urine and indoor dust samples, with median values ranging from 0.51 (SG-adjusted: 0.56) to 51.6 (SG-adjusted: 52.8) ng/kg bw/day and from 0.04 to 2.10 pg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, the median EDIsurineof most target analytes in females were significantly higher than (p< 0.05) those in males. The median EDIsdustof target compounds in dust from female dormitories were slightly higher than that in dust from male dormitories. These findings indicated that females were more exposed to NEO than males. Thus, the potential health risks of exposure to NEOs and their metabolites in female adults should be addressed in future studies. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the profiles of NEOs and their metabolites in paired urine and indoor dust samples from young adults in China.