Technology, Group Process, and Group Outcomes: Testing the Connections in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups
Technology, Group Process, and Group Outcomes: Testing the Connections in Computer-Mediated and Face-to-Face Groups
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技术、团体过程和团体结果：测试计算机介导的面对面团体中的联系
DOI：
10.1207/s15327051hci1203_1
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Susan G. Straus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Susan G. Straus
本文使用中介回归分析研究了沟通媒体对团队流程的影响以及流程对团队凝聚力、满意度和生产力的后续影响。数据基于 Straus 和 McGrath (1994)，其中 72 个三人小组在计算机介导 (CM) 或面对面 (FTF) 讨论中完成想法生成、智力和判断任务。 Straus 和 McGrath 发现，与 FTF 组相比，CM 组的任务效率较低，并且对判断任务的满意度较低。本文通过表明 CM 组表现出比 FTF 组更低的凝聚力，补充了有关组结果的发现。对沟通过程的分析表明，CM小组的任务沟通和分歧比例较高，参与更加平等。与之前关于使用电子通信的人失去个性的报道相比，CM 团体并没有参与更多的攻击行为，而且他们比 FTF 团体交换了更高比例的支持性沟通。中介回归分析表明，群体过程可以解释沟通模式对凝聚力和满意度的影响，但不能解释对生产力的影响。结果表明，媒体对结果以及任务重点和参与平等等过程的影响取决于 CM 和 FTF 群体的运作速度，而不一定是因为电子通信固有的去个性化特征。
This article examines the effect of communication media on group processes and the consequent effect of processes on group cohesiveness, satisfaction, and productivity using mediated regression analysis. Data are based on Straus and McGrath (1994), in which 72 three-person groups worked on idea generation, intellective, and judgment tasks in either computer-mediated (CM) or face-to-face (FTF) discussions. Straus and McGrath found that in comparison to FTF groups, CM groups were less productive across tasks and expressed lower satisfaction in the judgment task. This article adds to findings about group outcomes by showing that CM groups expressed lower cohesiveness than did FTF groups. Analysis of communication processes shows that CM groups had higher proportions of task communication and disagreement and greater equality of participation. In contrast to prior reports that people using electronic communication are depersonalized, CM groups did not engage in more attacking behavior and they exchanged higher rates of supportive communication than did FTF groups. Mediated regression analysis reveals that the group process accounted for the effect of communication mode on cohesiveness and satisfaction but not on productivity. Results suggest that media effects on outcomes, as well as on processes such as task focus and equality of participation, are due to the rates by which CM and FTF groups operate and not necessarily because of any inherently depersonalizing feature of electronic communication.