Thinking through death and employment: The automatic yet temporary use of schemata in everyday reasoning
Thinking through death and employment: The automatic yet temporary use of schemata in everyday reasoning
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思考死亡和就业：在日常推理中图式的自动但临时的使用
DOI：
10.1177/1367549417719061
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
L. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Williams
在过去的二十年里，图式这个词越来越多地被研究文化的学者使用。这一概念主要被视为个体通过各种经验内化的一种心理捷径，使研究者能够研究规范和价值观等社会层面因素如何通过塑造个体的认知结构来影响个体的行为。然而，很少关注在特定情况下如何以及为什么使用特定的模式。通过对两组关于死亡和职业主题的深度访谈的比较分析，我发现当人们试图回答他们提出的问题时，他们会交替使用各种图式。我认为，这种交替的存在削弱了关于决策过程中模式部署的自动化的假设，表明模式可以自动触发，但暂时使用。延伸开来，这一论点支持文化学者和话语心理学家的工作，他们含蓄地和明确地将图式视为灵活的、个性化的启发式，而不是非个人的、静态的、共同的思想和行动决定因素。
Over the past two decades, the word schema has become increasingly used by scholars studying culture. Viewed largely as a kind of mental shortcut that individuals internalize by means of their various experiences, the concept enables researchers to study how societal-level factors such as norms and values impact individual action by way of shaping individuals’ cognitive structures. However, little attention is given to how and why particular schemata are used in particular situations. Through comparative analysis of two sets of in-depth interviews on the topics of dying and careers, I find that individuals alternate through various schemata as they attempt to answer questions posed to them. I argue that the presence of this alternation weakens assumptions regarding the automaticity of the deployment of schemata in the decision-making process by signaling that schemata may be triggered automatically but used temporarily. In extension, this argument supports the work of cultural scholars and discursive psychologists who both implicitly and explicitly see schemata as flexible, personalized heuristics rather than impersonal, statically shared determinants of thought and action.