Maturation of the Fetal Human Choriocapillaris
Maturation of the Fetal Human Choriocapillaris
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.08-2614
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Lutty, Gerard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baba, Takayuki;Grebe, Rhonda;Lutty, Gerard A.
目的。本研究的目的是检查脉络膜毛细血管（CC）的结构和功能成熟度，并确定何时形成开窗、毛细血管被周细胞覆盖以及内皮细胞（EC）变得有功能。方法。使用抗 PAL-E、PV-1（开窗）、碳酸酐酶 IV (CA IV)、eNOS、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白 (α SMA) 和 NG2（两种周细胞标记物）和 EC 标记物 (CD31) 的抗体，对妊娠 7 至 22 周 (WG) 的胚胎/胎儿人眼的冷冻切片进行免疫组织化学分析。通过酶组织化学证明碱性磷酸酶（APase）的酶活性。在 11、14、16 和 22 WG 时对眼睛进行透射电子显微镜 (TEM)。以成人眼作为阳性对照。结果。所有 EC 标记均存在于 7 WG 的 CC 中。 7 至 9 WG 时，CC 中存在 PAL-E、CA IV 和 eNOS 免疫反应性以及 APase 活性。 TEM 分析表明，即使在 11 WG 时，这种脉管系统在结构上仍然不成熟：没有基底膜，没有周细胞，并且管腔形状不良，充满丝状伪足。观察到的少数开窗通常存在于丝状伪足的管腔空间内。直到 21 至 22 WG 时才观察到连续开窗和显着的 PV-1。 α SMA 在 22 WG 时很明显，并且周细胞的成熟通过 TEM 得到证实。结论。看来 EC 及其前体在结构成熟之前就表达了成人 CC 中存在的酶。尽管内皮细胞在发育早期就形成紧密连接，但连续的开窗和成熟的周细胞在发育后期才发生。 （投资眼科可见科学。2009 年；50：3503-3511）DOI：10.1167/iovs.08-2614
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to examine the structural and functional maturation of the choriocapillaris (CC) and to determine when fenestrations form, the capillaries are invested with pericytes, and the endothelial cells (ECs) became functional.METHODS. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cryopreserved sections of embryonic/fetal human eyes from 7 to 22 weeks' gestation (WG), using antibodies against PAL-E, PV-1 (fenestrations), carbonic anhydrase IV (CA IV), eNOS, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) and NG2 (two pericyte markers) and the EC marker (CD31). Alkaline phosphatase (APase) enzymatic activity was demonstrated by enzyme histochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on eyes at 11, 14, 16, and 22 WG. Adult human eyes were used as the positive control.RESULTS. All EC markers were present in the CC by 7 WG. PAL-E, CA IV, and eNOS immunoreactivities and APase activity were present in the CC by 7 to 9 WG. TEM analysis demonstrated how structurally immature this vasculature was, even at 11 WG: no basement membrane, absence of pericytes, and poorly formed lumens that were filled with filopodia. The few fenestrations that were observed were often present within the luminal space in the filopodia. Contiguous fenestrations and significant PV-1 were not observed until 21 to 22 WG. alpha SMA was prominent at 22 WG, and the maturation of pericytes was confirmed by TEM.CONCLUSIONS. It appears that ECs and their precursors express enzymes present in adult CC well before they are structurally mature. Although ECs make tight junctions early in development, contiguous fenestrations and mature pericytes occur much later in development. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 3503-3511) DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2614