Impacts of urbanization on urban structures and energy demand: What can we learn for urban energy planning and urbanization management?
Impacts of urbanization on urban structures and energy demand: What can we learn for urban energy planning and urbanization management?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scs.2010.08.006
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Sunak, Yasin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madlener, Reinhard;Sunak, Yasin
自2007年以来，人类历史上第一次有超过一半的世界人口居住在城市。城镇化进程是经济发展的一个关键现象，导致人力资源、经济活动和资源消耗在城市中显著集中。尽管城市只占地球表面的2%左右，但却承担着全球约75%的资源消耗。由于非洲以及更重要的是亚洲的高城镇化率，这一趋势在未来几十年将会加剧。为了估计城市化对能源需求的影响，我们必须确定对城市结构和人类行为产生重大影响的不同城市化过程和机制。仔细观察与城市相关的生产、机动性和交通、基础设施和城市密度以及私人家庭，我们发现，不同经济部门内的各种城市化机制导致城市能源需求大幅增加，并导致燃料组合发生变化。这些机制在发达国家和发展中国家之间以及在发展中国家集团内的相关性有很大不同。在未来几十年里，发展中国家的城市，特别是新兴的特大城市，将在全球能源需求的发展和分配方面发挥关键作用。因此，城市能源规划和城市化管理将是为可持续能源未来创造适当的框架条件的关键。(C)2010爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Since 2007, for the first time in human history, more than half of the world's population has been living in cities. The urbanization process is a key phenomenon of economic development, and leads to a significant concentration of human resources, economic activities, and resource consumption in cities. Although covering only about 2% of the earth's surface, cities are responsible for about 75% of the world's consumption of resources. This trend will intensify over the next decades as a consequence of high urbanization rates in Africa and, even more importantly, in Asia. In order to estimate the impact of urbanization on energy demand, we have to identify the different processes and mechanisms of urbanization that substantially affect urban structures as well as human behavior. Taking a closer look at city-related production, mobility and transport, infrastructure and urban density, as well as private households, we find that various mechanisms of urbanization within the different sectors of the economy lead to a substantial increase in urban energy demand and to a change in the fuel mix. The relevance of these mechanisms differs considerably between developed and developing countries as well as within the group of developing countries. Over the next decades, cities and especially newly emerging megacities in developing countries will play a key role concerning the development and distribution of global energy demand. Hence, urban energy planning and urbanization management will be pivotal for creating the right framework conditions for a sustainable energy future. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.