Differences in talker recognition by preschoolers and adults
Differences in talker recognition by preschoolers and adults
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2012.07.007
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Jimenez, Sofia R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Creel, Sarah C.;Jimenez, Sofia R.
说话者言语的变异性影响着从婴儿期到成年期的语言处理，并且不可避免地嵌入到识别言语声音的线索中。然而，人们对说话者信息处理的发展变化知之甚少。一方面，儿童还没有学会将言语声音的变化与言语中说话者的变化线索分开，这使得他们比成年人对说话者的变化更敏感。另一种不同的解释是，儿童在识别语音和识别说话者方面的发育不如成年人，而且发育涉及两种识别系统的长期调整。目前的研究提出了学龄前儿童和成人（N = 180）的声音与两个不同的卡通人物。曝光后，参与者听到每个说话者，并选择哪个角色在说话。与长期调谐假设相一致，儿童远不如成年人准确时，说话者的年龄，性别和方言相匹配（实验1-3），即使韵律不同（实验5）。儿童是高度准确的声音时，不同的性别（实验2）或年龄（母亲与女儿：实验6），这表明更大的声学差异促进编码。语音声音处理的影响进行了讨论，是语言知识的作用和说话者的感知空间的性质在说话者编码。(C)2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Talker variability in speech influences language processing from infancy through adulthood and is inextricably embedded in the very cues that identify speech sounds. Yet little is known about developmental changes in the processing of talker information. On one account, children have not yet learned to separate speech sound variability from talker-varying cues in speech, making them more sensitive than adults to talker variation. A different account is that children are less developed than adults at recognizing speech sounds and at recognizing talkers, and development involves protracted tuning of both recognition systems. The current research presented preschoolers and adults (N = 180) with voices linked to two distinct cartoon characters. After exposure, participants heard each talker and selected which character was speaking. Consistent with the protracted tuning hypothesis, children were much less accurate than adults when talkers were matched on age, gender, and dialect (Experiments 1-3), even when prosody differed (Experiment 5). Children were highly accurate when voices differed in gender (Experiment 2) or age (mother vs. daughter: Experiment 6), suggesting that greater acoustic dissimilarity facilitated encoding. Implications for speech sound processing are discussed, as are the roles of language knowledge and the nature of talker perceptual space in talker encoding. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.