Health, Education and Income in the United States, 1820-2000
Health, Education and Income in the United States, 1820-2000
复制标题
美国的健康、教育和收入，1820-2000 年
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Lleras
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoyt Bleakley;Dora L. Costa;A. Lleras
我们记录了儿童早期健康（以身高为代表）与教育程度之间的相关性，并调查了1820年至1990年出生的美国同龄人的劳动力市场和财富回报。世纪的特点是，对身高和教育的投资很低，身高和教育之间的相关性很小，身高和教育的回报都是正的，但回报很小。身高与教育之间的关系在20世纪世纪更为密切，在20世纪世纪上半叶比后来（当时教育投资和身高投资都停滞不前）更为密切，但从未像发展中国家那样密切。与世纪相比，20世纪的劳动力市场和财富回报率也更高。我们将我们的发现与人力资本形成理论联系起来，并推测，在世纪的经济中，体力劳动的重要性更高，这提高了上学的机会成本，相对于20世纪，可能降低了身高-教育的关系。我们的研究结果与儿童早期获得的认知能力的重要性日益增加是一致的。
We document the correlations between early childhood health (as proxied by height) and educational attainment and investigate the labor market and wealth returns to height for United States cohorts born between 1820 and 1990. The nineteenth century was characterized by low investments in height and education, a small correlation between height and education, and positive but small returns for both height and education. The relationship between height and education was stronger in the twentieth century and stronger in the first part of the twentieth century than later on (when both investments in education and height stalled), but never as strong as in developing countries. The labor market and wealth returns to height and education also were higher in the twentieth compared to the nineteenth century. We relate our findings to the theory of human capital formation and speculate that the greater importance of physical labor in the nineteenth century economy, which raised the opportunity cost of schooling, may have depressed the height-education relationship relative to the twentieth century. Our findings are consistent with an increasing importance of cognitive abilities acquired in early childhood.
《身体变化：1700 年以来西方世界的健康、营养和人类发展》的主要发现。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fogel,RobertW;Grotte,Nathaniel
通讯作者：
Grotte,Nathaniel