Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding
Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding
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DOI：
10.1038/s41477-017-0083-8
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
18
通讯作者：
Hickey, Lee T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watson, Amy;Ghosh, Sreya;Hickey, Lee T.
不断增长的人口和不断变化的环境引起了对全球粮食安全的严重关切，目前几种重要作物的改良速度不足以满足未来的需求。这种缓慢的改进速度部分归因于作物植物的世代时间长。在这里，我们提出了一种称为“快速育种”的方法，它大大缩短了世代时间，加快了育种和研究计划。春小麦（Triticum aestivum）、硬粒小麦（T。durum）、大麦（Hordeumvulgare）、鹰嘴豆（Cicerarietinum）和豌豆（Pisumsativum）的杂交后代，油菜（Brassicanapus）的杂交后代为4代，而不是正常温室条件下的2-3代。我们证明，在全封闭、环境可控的生长室中进行快速育种可以加速植物发育，用于研究目的，包括成年植物性状的表型分析、突变体研究和转化。在温室环境中使用补充照明可以通过单种子下降（SSD）实现快速的世代循环，并有可能适应大规模的作物改良计划。还概述了通过发光二极管（LED）补充照明节省成本。我们设想将快速育种与其他现代作物育种技术相结合的巨大潜力，包括高通量基因分型，基因组编辑和基因组选择，加快作物改良的速度。
The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand1. This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called 'speed breeding', which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2-3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement.