Loneliness in the general population: prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health.
Loneliness in the general population: prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12888-017-1262-x
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发表时间：
2017-03-20
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Tibubos AN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beutel ME;Klein EM;Brähler E;Reiner I;Jünger C;Michal M;Wiltink J;Wild PS;Münzel T;Lackner KJ;Tibubos AN
虽然孤独一直被视为对身心健康的一种风险，但目前缺乏涵盖广泛年龄范围的社区数据。这项研究使用了大量具有代表性的德国成年人样本来调查孤独感。对2007年4月至2012年4月收集的古登堡健康研究（GHS）基线数据（N = 15,010； 35-74岁）进行分析。以社区为基础，前瞻性，观察性队列研究的招募是在性别，居住地和年龄几十年的平等阶层中进行的。测量方法采用自我报告和访谈。在调整社会人口变量和精神痛苦的逻辑回归分析中，孤独感被用作痛苦（抑郁、广泛性焦虑和自杀意念）的预测因子。共有10.5%的参与者报告了某种程度的孤独（4.9%轻微，3.9%中度，1.7%严重）。各个年龄段的孤独感都有所下降。在女性、没有伴侣的参与者、独居和没有孩子的参与者中，孤独感更强。控制人口学变量和其他痛苦来源后，孤独感与抑郁（OR = 1.91）、广泛性焦虑（OR = 1.21）和自杀意念（OR = 1.35）相关。孤独的参与者也吸烟更多，更频繁地去看医生。研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即孤独对相当一部分人造成了严重的健康问题，在痛苦（抑郁、焦虑）、自杀意念、健康行为和医疗保健利用方面的风险增加。
While loneliness has been regarded as a risk to mental and physical health, there is a lack of current community data covering a broad age range. This study used a large and representative German adult sample to investigate loneliness. Baseline data of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) collected between April 2007 and April 2012 (N = 15,010; 35–74 years), were analyzed. Recruitment for the community-based, prospective, observational cohort study was performed in equal strata for gender, residence and age decades. Measures were provided by self-report and interview. Loneliness was used as a predictor for distress (depression, generalized anxiety, and suicidal ideation) in logistic regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic variables and mental distress. A total of 10.5% of participants reported some degree of loneliness (4.9% slight, 3.9% moderate and 1.7% severely distressed by loneliness). Loneliness declined across age groups. Loneliness was stronger in women, in participants without a partner, and in those living alone and without children. Controlling for demographic variables and other sources of distress loneliness was associated with depression (OR = 1.91), generalized anxiety (OR = 1.21) and suicidal ideation (OR = 1.35). Lonely participants also smoked more and visited physicians more frequently. The findings support the view that loneliness poses a significant health problem for a sizeable part of the population with increased risks in terms of distress (depression, anxiety), suicidal ideation, health behavior and health care utilization.