Complex sexual-social environments produce high boldness and low aggression behavioral syndromes
Complex sexual-social environments produce high boldness and low aggression behavioral syndromes
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DOI：
10.3389/fevo.2022.1050569
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Queller;Yasmin Shirali;Kelly J. Wallace;R. DeAngelis;V. Yurt;L. Reding;M. Cummings
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Queller;Yasmin Shirali;Kelly J. Wallace;R. DeAngelis;V. Yurt;L. Reding;M. Cummings
动物个性和行为综合征的证据在动物中广泛存在，但这些特征的发展仍然知之甚少。先前的研究表明，暴露于捕食者，异性和城市化环境可以影响人格和行为综合征。然而，迄今为止，早期社会经验的影响，同种的成年行为特征的发展是远远不够的。我们使用剑尾鱼（剑尾鱼），一个物种与三个遗传决定的雄性交配策略（求爱展示，胁迫，或混合策略），以评估不同的早期生活的社会经验如何塑造成年人的行为发展。方法：我们提出了女性剑尾鱼从出生到成年的密度控制的性社会的治疗，不同的存在类型的男性交配策略（仅胁迫者，仅显示器，胁迫者和显示器，和混合的战略家）。在成年期，我们测试了女性的大胆，害羞，攻击性，社交性和活动。结果不同交配策略的个体数量随社会复杂性形成的行为发展而增加，而个体交配策略的个体数量随社会复杂性形成的行为发展而增加。在复杂的环境中饲养的女性与两个男性交配策略大胆，不那么害羞，和攻击性比女性饲养的一个单一的男性交配策略（无论是求偶或胁迫）。复杂的性社会环境产生的女性行为综合征（侵略和活动，害羞和侵略，社会互动和活动之间的相关性），而简单的环境没有。讨论重要的是，这些社会引起的行为综合征的特征不同于那些由捕食驱动，但收敛于城市环境中发现的动物的特征。我们的研究结果表明，性社会环境的复杂性塑造了人格和行为综合征的发展，以促进社会信息的收集。此外，我们的研究强调了以前被忽视的性选择的影响，作为一个重要的因素，以不同的行为发展。
Introduction Evidence of animal personality and behavioral syndromes is widespread across animals, yet the development of these traits remains poorly understood. Previous research has shown that exposure to predators, heterospecifics, and urbanized environments can influence personality and behavioral syndromes. Yet, to date, the influence of early social experiences with conspecifics on the development of adult behavioral traits is far less known. We use swordtail fish (Xiphophorus nigrensis), a species with three genetically-determined male mating strategies (courtship display, coercion, or mixed strategy) to assess how different early-life social experiences shape adult behavioral development. Methods We raised female swordtails from birth to adulthood in density-controlled sexual-social treatments that varied in the presence of the type of male mating tactics (coercers only, displayers only, coercers and displayers, and mixed-strategists only). At adulthood, we tested females’ boldness, shyness, aggression, sociality, and activity. Results We found that the number of different mating strategies females were raised with (social complexity) shaped behavioral development more than any individual mating strategy. Females reared in complex environments with two male mating tactics were bolder, less shy, and less aggressive than females reared with a single male mating tactic (either courtship only or coercion only). Complex sexual-social environments produced females with behavioral syndromes (correlations between aggression and activity, shyness and aggression, and social interaction and activity), whereas simple environments did not. Discussion Importantly, the characteristics of these socially-induced behavioral syndromes differ from those driven by predation, but converge on characteristics emerging from animals found in urban environments. Our findings suggest that complexity of the sexual-social environment shapes the development of personality and behavioral syndromes to facilitate social information gathering. Furthermore, our research highlights the previously overlooked influence of sexual selection as a significant contributing factor to diverse behavioral development.