Social exclusion of older people in deprived urban communities of England.
Social exclusion of older people in deprived urban communities of England.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10433-005-0025-6
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Smith, Allison E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scharf, Thomas;Phillipson, Chris;Smith, Allison E
解决社会排斥的原因和后果是欧洲社会政策中的一个关键主题，反映了人们对个人、家庭和社区与更广泛的社会隔绝时所产生的社会代价的日益认识。然而，从概念上讲，社会排斥在老年学中仍然没有得到充分的探讨。文章认为，排斥是探索老年人在不同环境中的处境的一种有用的手段。老年社会排斥的概念是一种多层面的现象，包括：物质资源排斥；社会关系排斥；公民活动排斥；基本服务排斥；以及邻里排斥。根据对英国三个城市贫困社区600名60岁及以上老年人的调查，文章制定了代表排斥的各个维度的指标，并试图评估贫困社区老年人面临的社会排斥的性质。结果显示，相当大比例的老年人经历了至少一种形式的社会排斥。样本分为三类：33%的人在五个领域中的任何一个领域都没有被排除；31%的人在单一领域被排除；36%的人容易受到多种形式的排除的累积影响。多重社会排斥与被调查者的民族血统、教育程度、住房保有期、自感健康状况和生活质量显著相关。结论是，社会排斥是描述生活在贫穷的城市社区的老年人所经历的不利条件的一种有用的手段，而且将分析扩展到其他类型的居住环境将是有用的。
Addressing the causes and consequences of social exclusion represents a key theme in European social policy, reflecting growing awareness of the social costs which arise when individuals, families and communities become cut off from wider society. Conceptually, however, social exclusion remains underexplored in gerontology. The article suggests that exclusion represents a useful means of exploring the situation of older people in different environmental settings. Social exclusion in old age is conceptualised as a multi-dimensional phenomenon comprising of: exclusion from material resources; exclusion from social relations; exclusion from civic activities; exclusion from basic services; and neighbourhood exclusion. Drawing on a survey of 600 people aged 60 and over in deprived neighbourhoods of three English cities, the article develops indicators to represent each dimension of exclusion and seeks to assess the nature of social exclusion faced by older people in deprived neighbourhoods. Results reveal a considerable proportion of older people experiencing social exclusion in at least one form. The sample fell into three categories: 33% were not excluded on any of the five domains; 31% experienced exclusion on a single domain; 36% were vulnerable to the cumulative impact of multiple forms of exclusion. Multiple social exclusion was significantly correlated with respondents' ethnic origin, educational status, housing tenure, perceived health status and quality of life. It is concluded that social exclusion represents a useful means of depicting disadvantage experienced by older people living in deprived urban neighbourhoods, and that it would be useful to extend the analysis to other types of residential setting.