The contribution of immune and glial cell types in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.
The contribution of immune and glial cell types in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis.
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DOI：
10.1155/2014/285245
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Moalem-Taylor G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffy SS;Lees JG;Moalem-Taylor G
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种慢性炎症性疾病的中枢神经系统的特点是广泛的区域局灶脱髓鞘。尽管通过动物模型的研究，尤其是实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）获得了大量的见解，但其病因和发病机制仍不清楚。MS被广泛认为是免疫介导的，病理上可归因于髓磷脂特异性自身反应性CD4+ T细胞。近年来，MS的研究已经超越了对CD4+ T细胞的关注，开始认识到多种免疫和神经胶质细胞类型对疾病的发生、进展和改善的贡献。本文综述了T和B淋巴细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞/小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞参与EAE和MS的证据，以及各细胞亚群在炎症过程中的相互交流和影响。尽管在了解这些细胞类型在MS中的作用方面取得了重要进展，但关于每种细胞群中的各种亚群及其对疾病不同阶段的确切贡献，仍然存在许多问题。
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterised by widespread areas of focal demyelination. Its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear despite substantial insights gained through studies of animal models, most notably experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MS is widely believed to be immune-mediated and pathologically attributable to myelin-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. In recent years, MS research has expanded beyond its focus on CD4+ T cells to recognise the contributions of multiple immune and glial cell types to the development, progression, and amelioration of the disease. This review summarises evidence of T and B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, macrophage/microglial, astrocytic, and oligodendroglial involvement in both EAE and MS and the intercommunication and influence of each cell subset in the inflammatory process. Despite important advances in the understanding of the involvement of these cell types in MS, many questions still remain regarding the various subsets within each cell population and their exact contribution to different stages of the disease.