Alternative routes for recovery of hand functions after coticospinal tract injury in primates and rodents.
Alternative routes for recovery of hand functions after coticospinal tract injury in primates and rodents.
复制标题
灵长类动物和啮齿类动物脊髓束损伤后手部功能恢复的替代途径。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Reona Yamaguchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Isa;Masahiro Mitsuhashi;Reona Yamaguchi
审查目的
最近对各种皮质脊髓束（CST）损伤的研究表明，损伤后多种运动系统发生塑性变化。本综述提供了非人灵长类动物和啮齿类动物不同程度的 CST 损伤后与运动功能恢复相关的替代途径。
最近的发现
在运动皮质病变的情况下，病变周围区域补偿了病变。相反，在涉及感觉运动皮层区域的损伤后观察到皮质网状束的萌芽。内囊损伤后，皮质红皮质通路的萌芽有助于恢复。在锥体病变的情况下，红核脊髓束和网状脊髓束发挥功能恢复的作用。 C4/C5 处的背外侧索 (DLF) 损伤后，通过本体脊髓束的间接途径有助于恢复。在下颈髓半切的情况下，CST 纤维从双侧运动皮层发芽，下降到对侧 DLF，并穿过病变区域下方。
摘要
中央通路可以根据病变部位和大小动态改变其结构和活性。揭示替代途径的差异对于理解整个恢复机制和开发进一步的神经康复治疗至关重要。
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Recent studies on various corticospinal tract (CST) lesions have shown the plastic changes at a variety of motor systems after the lesion. This review provides the alternative routes associated with the motor functional recovery after the CST lesions at various levels in nonhuman primates and rodents.
RECENT FINDINGS
In the case of the motor cortical lesions, the perilesional area compensates for the lesion. In contrast, sprouting of the corticoreticular tracts was observed after the lesions involving sensorimotor cortical areas. After the internal capsule lesion, sprouting in the cortico-rubral pathway contributes to the recovery. In case of the pyramidal lesion, rubrospinal and reticulospinal tracts play a role of the functional recovery. After the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) lesion at C4/C5, the indirect pathway via propriospinal tract contributes to the recovery. In case of the hemisection at lower cervical cord, the CST fibers sprouted from the bilateral motor cortex and descended to the contralesional DLF and crossed below the lesion area.
SUMMARY
The central pathways can change their structure and activity dynamically depending on the lesion sites and size. Revealing the difference of the alternative pathways should be crucial to understand the whole recovery mechanism and develop the further neurorehabilitative treatment.