RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND EVALUATIVE SPACE - A CRITICAL-REVIEW, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE SEPARABILITY OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUBSTRATES
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND EVALUATIVE SPACE - A CRITICAL-REVIEW, WITH EMPHASIS ON THE SEPARABILITY OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUBSTRATES
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-2909.115.3.401
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发表时间：
1994-05-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
BERNTSON, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CACIOPPO, JT;BERNTSON, GG
评价过程是指生物体区分威胁和滋养环境的过程。低激活的积极和消极的评价过程的刺激反映中立，而高激活的这些过程反映最大的冲突。态度是评价过程的一种重要表现形式，传统上被认为是沿着两极维度下降的，而作为态度基础的积极和消极评价过程被认为是被激活的，使两极评定量表成为选择的衡量标准。研究表明，这种双极维度是不足以全面描绘积极和消极的评价过程，问题不在于这些过程是否被激活，但在什么条件下，他们是不确定的，非确定的，或独立激活。
Evaluative processes refer to the operations by which organisms discriminate threatening from nurturant environments. Low activation of positive and negative evaluative processes by a stimulus reflects neutrality, whereas high activation of such processes reflects maximal conflict. Attitudes, an important class of manifestations of evaluative processes, have traditionally been conceptualized as falling along a bipolar dimension, and the positive and negative evaluative processes underlying attitudes have been conceptualized as being reciprocally activated, making the bipolar rating scale the measure of choice. Research is reviewed suggesting that this bipolar dimension is insufficient to portray comprehensively positive and negative evaluative processes and that the question is not whether such processes are reciprocally activated but under what conditions they are reciprocally, nonreciprocally, or independently activated.