The psychology of physical symptoms
The psychology of physical symptoms
复制标题
身体症状的心理学
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4613-8196-9
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
J. Pennebaker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Pennebaker
身体症状是一种值得研究的迷人现象。我们都经历过它们，用它们作为信号来指导我们的行为，并且通常认为它们准确地代表了潜在的生理活动。与此同时，我们也知道身体的感觉往往是模糊的、模棱两可的，可以有各种各样的解释。因此，我们认为自己体内发生的事情与客观发生的事情之间往往存在差异，这也就不足为奇了。简而言之，像生理症状这样的现象是心理学的东西。我自己对身体症状的研究是几年前偶然开始的。在一个匆忙设计的实验中，我不得不写一份实验后问卷，这份问卷要足够长，让实验者有时间为后面的研究校准一些设备。我在问卷上填了一些身体症状。除了症状报告之外，实验完全失败。人们对症状的感知很容易受到我们操作的影响，即使他们实际的生理状态没有改变。现在的调查就这样开始了。尽管讨论和治疗常见的身体症状和感觉具有普遍性、重要性，而且投入了大量的时间和金钱，但很少有实证研究致力于研究与感官体验相关的心理和感知因素。偶尔的论文已经测试了一个特定的理论，如认知失调，其中身体症状作为一个有趣的依赖措施。"
Physical symptoms are fascinating phenomena to examine. We all experience them, use them as signals to guide our behavior, and usually assume that they accurately represent underlying physiological activity. At the same time, we implicitly know that bodily sensations are often vague, ambiguous, and subject to a variety of interpretations. It is not surprising, then, that there is often a disparity between what we think is going on in our bodies and what is objectively occurring. In short, phenomena such as physical symptoms are the stuff of psychology. My own research into physical symptoms started by accident several years ago. In a hastily devised experiment dealing with the effects of noise on behavior, I had to write a post-experimental questionnaire that would be long enough to allow the experimenter time to calibrate some equipment for a later portion of the study. I included some physical symptoms on the questionnaire as fillers. The experiment was a total failure, with the exception of the symptom reports. People's perceptions of symptoms were easily influenced by our manipulations, even though their actual physiological state had not changed. And so began the present inquiry. Despite the pervasiveness, importance, and sheer amount of time and money devoted to discussing and curing common physical symptoms and sensations, very little empirical work has been devoted to examining the psychological and perceptual factors related to sensory experience. Occa sional papers have tested a specific theory, such as cognitive dissonance, wherein physical symptoms served as an interesting dependent measure."