Value-associated stimuli can modulate cognitive control settings.
Value-associated stimuli can modulate cognitive control settings.
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与价值相关的刺激可以调节认知控制设置。
DOI：
10.1167/16.12.90
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Dodgson D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dodgson D
尽管已知价值关联即使在不相关的情况下也会调节注意力（Raymond＆O'Brien，2009；Rutherford等人，2010），但目前尚不清楚价值是否通过改变认知控制设置或通过改变数据驱动的优先级图来影响空间注意力。为了进行调查，我们使用价值相关（实验 1）或感知显着（实验 2）干扰因素测量了经典颜色侧翼任务中的冲突适应（CA）效果。在实验 1 中，参与者学会了将颜色符号与简单选择任务中的金钱胜利或无结果联系起来。随后，所有参与者都对带有相同（一致）或不同（不一致）侧翼符号的中心符号进行快速颜色分类，并且在任何试验中都不期望获得金钱奖励。在此类任务中，不一致试验的反应会变慢（一致性效应，CE），并且当先前的试验不一致时，CE 效应会降低。后一种效应被称为冲突适应（CA），它对注意力选择控制设置的特定任务、瞬态、冲突驱动的调制进行索引。我们推断，如果不相关的价值关联能够调节控制设置，那么干扰因素价值关联应该决定 CA。相比之下，CA 应该不受干扰因素的感知显着性的影响，这是一种驱动自下而上注意力的特征。如果价值关联以自下而上的方式调节注意力，那么价值和感知显着性应该对 CA 产生类似的、无效的影响。我们报告说，与无结果价值相关的干扰项相比，积极的干扰项显着降低了 CA 效应，而感知显着性（亮/暗）则没有效果。场景中价值相关刺激的存在似乎终止了先前不一致试验实例化的冲突适应反应，而不影响一致试验后测量的CE，这一发现与场景中价值相关刺激的存在影响注意力控制设置而不是自下而上优先级图的概念一致。
Although value associations are known to modulate attention even when they are irrelevant (Raymond & O'Brien, 2009; Rutherford et al., 2010), it remains unclear whether value affects spatial attention by changing cognitive control settings or by altering data-driven priority maps. To investigate we measured conflict adaptation (CA) effects in a classical color flanker task using value-associated (Exp 1) or perceptually salient (Exp 2) distractors. In Exp 1, participants learned to associate color symbols with monetary wins or no outcome in a simple choice task. Later, all participants made speeded color categorizations of a central symbol presented with same (congruent) or different (incongruent) flanking symbols, without the expectation of monetary reward on any trial. In such tasks, responses are slowed on incongruent trials (the congruency effect, CE) and CE effects are reduced when the previous trial is incongruent. This latter effect, known as conflict adaptation (CA), indexes task-specific, transient, conflict-driven modulations of attentional selection control settings. We reasoned that if irrelevant value-associations are able to modulate control settings, then distractor value-associations should determine CA. In contrast, CA should be unaffected by the perceptual salience of distractors, a feature that drives bottom-up attention. If value associations modulate attention in a bottom-up fashion, value and perceptual salience should have similar, null effects on CA. We report that positive versus no-outcome value-associated distractors significantly reduced CA effects, whereas perceptual salience (bright/dim) had no effect. The presence of value-associated stimuli in the scene appears to terminate conflict adaptation responses instantiated by a prior incongruent trial, without influencing CEs measured after congruent trials, a finding consistent with the notion that the presence of value-associated stimuli in a scene affects attentional control settings, not bottom-up priority maps.