Towards Quantum Simulation with Circular Rydberg Atoms
Towards Quantum Simulation with Circular Rydberg Atoms
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevx.8.011032
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发表时间：
2018-02-26
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
Brune, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nguyen, T. L.;Raimond, J. M.;Brune, M.
量子模拟的主要目标是深入理解多体物理，这对于基本问题(量子相变、输运等)是重要的。以及创新材料的开发。多体系统的分析方法是有限的，而且它们巨大的希尔伯特空间使得在经典计算机上进行数值模拟变得困难。量子模拟器通过将感兴趣的系统转录成另一个系统来避免这些限制，该系统具有相同的动力学，但相互作用参数处于控制之下，并且可以通过实验访问所有相关的可观测数据。人们正在探索用俘获离子、中性原子和超导设备对自旋系统进行量子模拟。我们在这里提出了一种新的自旋1/2阵列的量子模拟范式，提供了前所未有的灵活性，并允许人们探索其他平台无法企及的领域。它是基于激光捕获的圆形里德堡原子。它们的本征寿命很长，再加上它们对微波自发辐射的抑制以及对碰撞和光电离的低敏感性，使得捕获寿命在最先进的技术范围内变得现实。超冷的无缺陷圆形原子链可以用蒸发冷却方法的一种变体来制备。这种方法还可以探测到具有单点分辨率的任意自旋可观测值。该模拟器实现了XXZ自旋1/2哈密顿量，其近邻耦合范围从几个到几十个千赫兹。所有的模型参数都可以随意动态调整，从而可以进行大范围的模拟。可以在几秒的时间范围内跟踪系统的演化，时间足够长，足以与基态绝热制备和热化、无序或Floket时间晶体的研究相关。提出的平台已经为规则自旋链的量子模拟提供了无与伦比的功能。我们讨论了扩展到更一般的相互作用自旋系统的量子模拟，完全控制各个相互作用。
The main objective of quantum simulation is an in-depth understanding of many-body physics, which is important for fundamental issues (quantum phase transitions, transport,.) and for the development of innovative materials. Analytic approaches to many-body systems are limited, and the huge size of their Hilbert space makes numerical simulations on classical computers intractable. A quantum simulator avoids these limitations by transcribing the system of interest into another, with the same dynamics but with interaction parameters under control and with experimental access to all relevant observables. Quantum simulation of spin systems is being explored with trapped ions, neutral atoms, and superconducting devices. We propose here a new paradigm for quantum simulation of spin-1/2 arrays, providing unprecedented flexibility and allowing one to explore domains beyond the reach of other platforms. It is based on laser-trapped circular Rydberg atoms. Their long intrinsic lifetimes, combined with the inhibition of their microwave spontaneous emission and their low sensitivity to collisions and photoionization, make trapping lifetimes in the minute range realistic with state-of-the-art techniques. Ultracold defect-free circular atom chains can be prepared by a variant of the evaporative cooling method. This method also leads to the detection of arbitrary spin observables with single-site resolution. The proposed simulator realizes an XXZ spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor couplings ranging from a few to tens of kilohertz. All the model parameters can be dynamically tuned at will, making a large range of simulations accessible. The system evolution can be followed over times in the range of seconds, long enough to be relevant for ground-state adiabatic preparation and for the study of thermalization, disorder, or Floquet time crystals. The proposed platform already presents unrivaled features for quantum simulation of regular spin chains. We discuss extensions towards more general quantum simulations of interacting spin systems with full control on individual interactions.