Interspecific interactions explain variation in the duration of paternal care in the burying beetle.
Interspecific interactions explain variation in the duration of paternal care in the burying beetle.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.014
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Kilner RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Gasperin O;Duarte A;Kilner RM
为什么在雄性对后代照顾的贡献程度上，物种之间会有如此大的差异？这个问题的答案通常集中在种内变异的相对成本和收益的父投资。在实验室的埋葬甲虫，Nicrophorus vespilloides，和它的泳螨Poecilochirus carabi，我们调查是否与第二个物种的相互作用也可能占种内变化的程度，父亲的照顾，以及这种变化是否是由于适应或约束。在我们的第一个实验中，我们在有或没有泳螨的情况下饲养甲虫，使用一个繁殖箱，模拟自然条件，允许父母在他们选择的时间离开繁殖尝试。我们发现，男性放弃了他们的育雏更快地繁殖时，旁边的螨比繁殖时，在他们的缺席。女性护理模式不变的螨。然而，在这个实验中，没有相关的甲虫健身受到影响的存在下的螨在繁殖过程中（既不是父亲的寿命繁殖后，也不是育雏大小或平均幼虫质量）。在第二个实验中，我们再次培育了有螨或无螨的甲虫，但这次我们阻止了父母放弃幼仔。这一次，我们发现，与没有螨的家庭相比，父母和育雏在与螨一起繁殖时都会遭受健身成本。我们的结论是，男性适应性减少他们的贡献照顾螨时，存在，以捍卫他们的后代的健身和自己的剩余健身。种间的相互作用，因此占种内变化的持续时间的父亲照顾。不同物种之间，父亲照顾的程度差别很大。这种变化可能是由于种间的相互作用。我们调查了螨如何影响埋葬甲虫的父亲照顾。我们发现，当螨虫出现时，雄性会提前离开幼仔。我们表明，这是自适应的，因为它增强了后代的适应性。
Why is there so much variation within species in the extent to which males contribute to offspring care? Answers to this question commonly focus on intraspecific sources of variation in the relative costs and benefits of supplying paternal investment. With experiments in the laboratory on the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides, and its phoretic mite Poecilochirus carabi, we investigated whether interactions with a second species might also account for intraspecific variation in the extent of paternal care, and whether this variation is due to adaptation or constraint. In our first experiment we bred beetles in the presence or absence of phoretic mites, using a breeding box that mimicked natural conditions by allowing parents to leave the breeding attempt at a time of their choosing. We found that males abandoned their brood sooner when breeding alongside mites than when breeding in their absence. Female patterns of care were unchanged by the mites. Nevertheless, in this experiment, no correlates of beetle fitness were affected by the presence of the mites during reproduction (neither paternal life span after reproduction nor brood size or average larval mass). In a second experiment, we again bred beetles with or without mites but this time we prevented parents from abandoning the brood. This time we found that both parents and the brood suffered fitness costs when breeding alongside mites, compared with families breeding in the absence of mites. We conclude that males adaptively reduce their contributions to care when mites are present, so as to defend their offspring's fitness and their own residual fitness. Interspecific interactions thus account for intraspecific variation in the duration of paternal care. The extent of paternal care varies greatly within species. Some of this variation might be due to interspecific interactions. We investigated how mites influence paternal care in the burying beetle. We found that males leave their brood earlier when mites are present. We show that this is adaptive because it enhances offspring fitness.