Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit
Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-12-00149.1
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Xiong, X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wielicki, Bruce A.;Young, D. F.;Xiong, X.
气候绝对辐射和折射观测（CLARREO）任务将在轨道上提供一个校准实验室，目的是精确测量和归因于气候变化。CLARREO测量建立了新的气候变化基准，在广泛的基本气候变量中具有高绝对辐射精度和高统计置信度。CLARREO固有的高绝对精度将得到验证，并可在轨道上追踪到国际系统（SI）单位。随着社会努力应对缓解和适应气候变化的优化策略的挑战，CLARREO建立的基准对于评估未来几十年地球系统和气候模型预测能力的变化至关重要。CLARREO基准是通过测量地球的热红外光谱（5-50米）、地球及其大气反射的太阳辐射光谱（320-2300纳米）和射电掩星折射率得出的，精确的温度分布由此得出。该任务有能力提供气候变化的新光谱指纹，并提供第一个轨道辐射计，其精度足以作为其他空间传感器的参考传输标准，本质上是作为轨道上的NIST[国家标准与技术研究所]。CLARREO将极大地提高各种星载仪器对年代际气候变化的准确性和相关性。最后，CLARREO开发了新的指标和方法来确定广泛的气候变量和不确定性源的气候观测的精度要求。这些方法应该有助于提高我们对大多数气候变化观测的观测要求的理解。
The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new climate change benchmarks with high absolute radiometric accuracy and high statistical confidence across a wide range of essential climate variables. CLARREO's inherently high absolute accuracy will be verified and traceable on orbit to Systeme Internationale (SI) units. The benchmarks established by CLARREO will be critical for assessing changes in the Earth system and climate model predictive capabilities for decades into the future as society works to meet the challenge of optimizing strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change. The CLARREO benchmarks are derived from measurements of the Earth's thermal infrared spectrum (5-50 m), the spectrum of solar radiation reflected by the Earth and its atmosphere (320-2300 nm), and radio occultation refractivity from which accurate temperature profiles are derived. The mission has the ability to provide new spectral fingerprints of climate change, as well as to provide the first orbiting radiometer with accuracy sufficient to serve as the reference transfer standard for other space sensors, in essence serving as a NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] in orbit. CLARREO will greatly improve the accuracy and relevance of a wide range of space-borne instruments for decadal climate change. Finally, CLARREO has developed new metrics and methods for determining the accuracy requirements of climate observations for a wide range of climate variables and uncertainty sources. These methods should be useful for improving our understanding of observing requirements for most climate change observations.