Changes in dental wear and breakage in arctic foxes ( Vulpes lagopus ) across space and time: evidence for anthropogenic food subsidies?
Changes in dental wear and breakage in arctic foxes ( Vulpes lagopus ) across space and time: evidence for anthropogenic food subsidies?
复制标题
北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）牙齿磨损和破损在空间和时间上的变化：人为食品补贴的证据？
DOI：
10.1139/cjz-2022-0057
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Sokolov, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ungar, P.S.;Van Valkenburgh, B.;Sokolova, N.;Fufachev, I.;Filippova, V.;Shklyar, K.;Sokolov, A.
北极地区人类活动的增加可能会影响其脆弱的生态系统。对北极狐和红狐的影响就是明显的例子。两者都有记录表明，在可以获得人为补贴的情况下，这可能会以复杂的方式改变饮食和分布模式，这可能会使人口受益或受到伤害，具体取决于情况。了解这种复杂性需要新的工具来研究人类存在的增加对高纬度地区特有哺乳动物的影响。我们认为，牙齿生态学，特别是牙齿磨损和断裂，可以提供重要的线索。根据俄罗斯亚马尔半岛人类数量迅速增加之前（n = 78）和之后（n = 57）捕获的北极狐（Vulpes lagopus（Linnaeus，1758））样本，我们发现最近在人类居住地附近捕获的狐狸牙齿磨损和破损明显较少。这可能是由于饮食从驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus（Linnaeus，1758））尸体（包括骨头）到较软的人类来源食物的消费转变，特别是当首选较小的猎物（例如，西西伯利亚旅鼠，Lemmus sibiricus（Kerr，1792），和北极旅鼠，Dicrostonyx torquatus（Pallas，1778））是不可用的。这些结果表明，牙齿磨损和断裂可以是一个有用的指标的消费人为食物的北极狐。
Increased human presence in the Arctic may affect its vulnerable ecosystems. Effects on arctic and red foxes provide notable examples. Both have been documented to take anthropogenic subsidies when available, which can change diet and ranging patterns in complex ways that can either benefit or harm populations, depending on the situation. Understanding this complexity requires new tools to study impacts of increasing human presence on endemic mammals at high latitudes. We propose that dental ecology, specifically tooth wear and breakage, can offer important clues. Based on samples of arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus(Linnaeus, 1758)) trapped prior to (n= 78) and following (n= 57) rapidly growing human presence on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, we found that foxes trapped recently in proximity to human settlement had significantly less tooth wear and breakage. This is likely explained by a dietary shift from consumption of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus(Linnaeus, 1758)) carcasses including bone to softer human-derived foods, especially when preferred smaller prey (e.g., West Siberian lemmings,Lemmus sibiricus(Kerr, 1792), and arctic lemmings,Dicrostonyx torquatus(Pallas, 1778)) are unavailable. These results suggest that tooth wear and breakage can be a useful indicator of the consumption of anthropogenic foods by arctic foxes.