The Modulation of the Flash-Lag Effect by Voluntary Attention
The Modulation of the Flash-Lag Effect by Voluntary Attention
复制标题
自愿注意对闪光滞后效应的调节
作者：
J. Namba;M. Baldo
在闪光滞后效果(FLE)中，当闪光对象和移动对象碰巧在物理上彼此对齐时，闪光对象看起来会落后于移动对象。根据FLE(Baldo和Klein，1995，自然378 565-566)的早期描述，这种知觉现象是运动和闪光刺激的知觉加工的不同延迟造成的，可能涉及注意机制。在这里，我们试图以一种更令人信服的方式来证明自愿关注作为对外汉语学习的一个主要组成部分的参与。在实验1中，观察者的注意定势是由视觉刺激的空间概率结构引起的。在不同的块中、在固定的、交替的或随机选择的位置上呈现闪光点(应该根据它来判断移动点的位置)。前两个条件提供了更高的空间可预测性，产生的闪光点的空间可预测性比后一个条件小。在实验2中，我们采用了一种标准的线索程序，即被试被指示根据符号线索转移他/她的注意焦点。该提示的效度为80%，指示闪光点将出现的视觉半视野。正如我们的概念模型所预测的那样，有效试验中的FLE的平均幅度显著小于无效试验中的平均幅度。因此，这两个实验都提供了强有力的证据支持自愿注意参与外语学习。注意机制不应被看作是外在心理活动的主要原因，而应被视为一个更广泛的过程的重要调节成分，其时空动力学产生了外在心理行为以及可能的其他相关现象。尽管我们选择了一个基于注意力对知觉潜伏期的影响的解释，但我们的经验发现与当前闪光滞后争议所支持的其他理论模型是一致的，应该被所有解释这种知觉现象的尝试所接受。
In the flash-lag effect (FLE), a flashing object appears to lag behind a moving object when both happen to be physically aligned to each other. According to an earlier account of the FLE (Baldo and Klein 1995 Nature 378 565–566), this perceptual phenomenon would result from differential delays in the perceptual processing of moving and flashing stimuli, presumably involving attentional mechanisms. Here, we have attempted to demonstrate in a more convincing way the participation of voluntary attention as a major component of the FLE. In experiment 1 the observer's attentional set was induced by the spatial probability structure of the visual stimulus. A flashing dot (relative to which the location of a moving dot should be judged) was presented, in separate blocks, at fixed, alternating, or randomly chosen locations. The two former conditions, providing a higher spatial predictability, yielded a smaller FLE than the latter condition, which provided a lower spatial predictability of the flashing dot. In experiment 2 we employed a standard cueing procedure, in which a participant was instructed to shift covertly his/her attentional focus according to a symbolic cue. The cue indicated, with a validity of 80%, the visual hemifield at which the flashing dot would be presented. As predicted by our conceptual model, the mean magnitude of the FLE in the valid trials was significantly smaller than that found in the invalid ones. Therefore, both experiments provided strong evidence supporting the participation of voluntary attention in the FLE. Attentional mechanisms should be seen not as the primary cause of the FLE, but rather as an important modulatory component of a broader process whose spatiotemporal dynamics engenders the FLE and possibly other related phenomena. Even though we elected an account based on the influence of attention on perceptual latencies, our empirical findings are compatible with other theoretical models embraced by the current flash-lag controversy and should be accommodated by every attempt to explain this perceptual phenomenon.
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.20.4.887
发表时间：
1994-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
LUCK, SJ;HILLYARD, SA;HAWKINS, HL
通讯作者：
HAWKINS, HL
DOI：
10.1037//0096-1523.16.4.802
发表时间：
1990-11
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Hawkins;S. Hillyard;S. Luck;M. Mouloua;C. Downing;D. P. Woodward
通讯作者：
H. Hawkins;S. Hillyard;S. Luck;M. Mouloua;C. Downing;D. P. Woodward