Research Needs, Challenges, and Strategic Approaches for Natural Hazards and Disaster Reconnaissance
Research Needs, Challenges, and Strategic Approaches for Natural Hazards and Disaster Reconnaissance
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DOI：
10.3389/fbuil.2020.573068
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发表时间：
2020-11-10
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Peltier, Jaqueline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wartman, Joseph;Berman, Jeffrey W.;Peltier, Jaqueline
自然灾害和灾害侦察调查为研究和实践界提供了许多经验教训，大大提高了我们对极端事件的科学认识。然而，这些社区仍然面临许多挑战，包括提高我们模拟灾害的能力，在面对不确定性时做出决策，增强社区复原力和减轻风险。最先进的仪器和移动的数据收集应用程序大大提高了实地调查小组在灾后环境中迅速获取易损坏数据的能力。NHERI快速设施召集了专业、政府和学术部门专家的社区研讨会，以确定侦察数据的需求和机会，并确定侦察界面临的阻碍数据收集和使用的更广泛挑战。与会者强调，实地小组在侦察调查之前和期间面临许多实际和业务挑战，包括后勤问题、安全问题、情感创伤和返回后的数据处理和分析问题。外地小组执行了许多有效的任务。成功侦察的因素包括当地联系人、有效的团队合作和事前培训。自然灾害勘察的持续进展需要采用新的战略方法，以获取和整合跨学科的一系列时间、空间和社会规模的数据。
Natural hazards and disaster reconnaissance investigations have provided many lessons for the research and practice communities and have greatly improved our scientific understanding of extreme events. Yet, many challenges remain for these communities, including improving our ability to model hazards, make decisions in the face of uncertainty, enhance community resilience, and mitigate risk. State-of-the-art instrumentation and mobile data collection applications have significantly advanced the ability of field investigation teams to capture quickly perishable data in post-disaster settings. The NHERI RAPID Facility convened a community workshop of experts in the professional, government, and academic sectors to determine reconnaissance data needs and opportunities, and to identify the broader challenges facing the reconnaissance community that hinder data collection and use. Participants highlighted that field teams face many practical and operational challenges before and during reconnaissance investigations, including logistics concerns, safety issues, emotional trauma, and after-returning, issues with data processing and analysis. Field teams have executed many effective missions. Among the factors contributing to successful reconnaissance are having local contacts, effective teamwork, and pre-event training. Continued progress in natural hazard reconnaissance requires adaptation of new, strategic approaches that acquire and integrate data over a range of temporal, spatial, and social scales across disciplines.