HYDRAULIC AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTORS FOR ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF SECONDARY WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT
HYDRAULIC AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF REACTORS FOR ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF SECONDARY WASTE-WATER EFFLUENT
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DOI：
10.1016/0043-1354(91)90156-k
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
VANOLPHEN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NIEUWSTAD, TJ;HAVELAAR, AH;VANOLPHEN, M
在持续4-10周的连续实验中测试了5种不同类型的u. v.反应器对二级出水的消毒效率。 水力的单位进行了表征示踪剂的研究和微生物校准，通过测量的模式生物，其中使用的F-特异性RNA噬菌体MS 2的灭活。 所有装置都可以描述为多个串联的完全混合罐，其中灭活遵循微生物数量和u. v.剂量的一级动力学。 紫外线剂量可以从反应器中平均保留时间和平均紫外线强度的乘积计算。 平均紫外线强度可以使用无限线源模型和在未过滤样品中测量的水的消光系数来计算，其在90和140 m-1之间变化（透射率1 cm比色皿在25和40%之间）。 通过对自然污染的二级出水的实验，测定了营养菌E.大肠埃希菌和粪链球菌分别为0.0055和0.0029 m2/J对于亚硫酸盐还原梭菌的细菌孢子，该常数为0.00063 m2/J，对于体细胞大肠杆菌和F特异性噬菌体，该常数分别为0.0069和0.0023 m2/J，肠道病毒通常在低于检测水平（1 PFU/101.）时灭活，因此无法提供定量结果。 呼肠孤病毒的灭活速率常数为0.0024 m2/J，非常接近F特异性噬菌体的常数，这使得相对容易计数的后者生物体非常适合作为通过u. v.辐射灭活病毒的指示生物体。MS 2的纯培养物的灭活速率常数为0.0046，这是污水中自然存在的F特异性噬菌体的两倍。 这就强调了设计u. v.反应器时需要根据从废水中获得的数据，而不是实验室微生物菌株。
The efficiency of 5 different types of u.v. reactors for disinfecting secondary effluent was tested in continuous experiments lasting 4-10 weeks. The units were hydraulically characterized by tracer studies and microbiologically calibrated by measuring the inactivation of a model organism, for which the F-specific RNA bacteriophage MS2 was used. All units could be described as a number of completely mixed tanks in series in which the inactivation follows first-order kinetics in both the number of organisms and the u.v. dose. The u.v. dose could be calculated from the product of the average retention time and the average u.v. intensity in the reactor. The average u.v. intensity could be calculated using the infinite line source model and the extinction coefficient of the water measured in unfiltered samples, which varied between 90 and 140 m-1 (transmittance 1 cm cuvette between 25 and 40%). From experiments with naturally polluted secondary effluent, inactivation rate constants for the vegetative bacteria E. coli and faecal streptococci of 0.0055 and 0.0029 m2/J (log10-base), respectively, were found. For the bacterial spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia this constant was 0.00063 m2/J and for somatic coliphages and F-specific bacteriophages values of 0.0069 and 0.0023 m2/J, respectively, were found. Enteroviruses were usually inactivated below the level of detection (1 PFU/101.), hence no quantitative results can be presented. The inactivation rate constant for reoviruses was 0.0024 m2/J, very close to the constant for F-specific bacteriophages, which makes the latter organisms, which are relatively easy to count, very suitable as an indicator organism for virus inactivation by u.v. radiation.The inactivation rate constant for a pure culture of MS2 was 0.0046, which is twice the value for F-specific phages as naturally occurring in sewage. This emphasizes the need to design u.v. reactors on the basis of data obtained with effluents rather than laboratory-strains of micro-organisms.