Conditioned visual flight orientation in Drosophila: Dependence on age, practice, and diet
Conditioned visual flight orientation in Drosophila: Dependence on age, practice, and diet
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.3.1.49
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Heisenberg, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, A;Li, L;Heisenberg, M
在飞行模拟器上，果蝇对视觉模式的方向偏好可以被条件化。在使用热作为强化的反向条件化过程中，果蝇可以被训练成连续地偏好不同的飞行方向。虽然在训练过程中，大多数苍蝇可靠地避免了热量和相应的飞行方向，但在随后的学习测试中，没有热量，有些苍蝇对允许的方向没有一致的偏好，我们已经开始研究学习表现的个体间差异，并在这里描述三个重要变量：动物的年龄，实验前在飞行模拟器中的经历，以及苍蝇食物的组成，苍蝇在3-4天比在1-2天的年龄更可靠地学习，但学习指数在更老的苍蝇中不会进一步增加，如果允许苍蝇在开始调节程序之前熟悉飞行模拟器，学习会得到改善。最重要的是，营养不良会导致三到四代人完全失忆，从营养不良到营养丰富的食物的反向转变会延迟更长的时间恢复学习能力。
Orientation preferences for visual patterns can be conditioned in tethered flies (Drosophila melanogaster) at the flight simulator, In a reversal conditioning procedure using heat as reinforcement, flies can be trained to successively prefer different flight orientations with respect to the patterns, As in many learning paradigms, conditioned responses are highly variable. Although during training most flies reliably avoid the heat and the corresponding flight orientations, in subsequent learning tests without heat some show no consistent preference for the permissive orientations, We have started to investigate the interindividual differences in learning performance and describe here three significant variables: the age of the animals, their experience in the flight simulator prior to the experiment, and the composition of the fly food, Flies learn more reliably at 3-4 days than at 1-2 days of age but learning indices do not increase further in even older flies, Learning is improved if flies are allowed to become familiar with the flight simulator before the start of the conditioning procedure. Most important, poor nutrition causes complete amnesia within three or four generations, The reverse shift from poor to nutritious food restores learning ability with an even longer delay.