Studies on sustainable land use and soil ecosystems in tropical peat land
Studies on sustainable land use and soil ecosystems in tropical peat land
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热带泥炭地可持续土地利用和土壤生态系统研究
DOI：
10.3759/tropics.15.313
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
K. Yonebayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Yonebayashi
大多数热带泥炭土由于氮、磷、钾和钙含量较低而被归类为寡营养泥炭。研究了马来半岛和砂拉越天然林和栽培中热带泥炭土的宏观和微量养分状况。热带泥炭的P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe平均浓度显着低于日本草泥炭。表层土壤P、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn含量均高于下层土壤。砂拉越土壤表层和底土中钙、镁和铁的平均浓度均低于马来半岛土壤。根据对 ms 中金属分布的分析，大多数 Cu 和 Fe 以强螯合和不可萃取的形式（不可利用形式）出现。 Mn、Zn 和 Cu 的水溶性和可交换形式（有效形式）的浓度非常低。在施肥土壤的情况下，表层土壤的重金属含量约为底土的3至15倍。其中大部分是由弱螯合、强螯合或不可提取的形式造成的，因为表层土壤的 pH 值高于底土的 pH 值。由于腐殖质的螯合效应在土壤 pH 值较高时可能会很明显，因此肥料中施用的重金属被转化为不可利用的形式。除顶峰森林泥炭穹顶中心附近剖面中的 P 外，热带泥炭剖面土壤溶液中 N 和 P 的浓度相当高。溶解的磷主要由正磷酸盐组成，而大部分氮以有机形式存在。与全球河水平均水平相比，森林土壤溶液中的钾浓度并不低。在西米种植园的深层泥炭中观察到土壤溶液剖面中钾含量较低。森林砍伐扰乱了生态系统中的钾循环。与日本河水中的平均浓度相比，泥炭剖面土壤溶液中的 Ca、Mg 和 Fe 浓度相当低。尽管观察到土壤溶液成分的水平明显较高，但供应 K、Ca 和 P 的潜在能力不一定高。因此，从养分动态的角度来看，复垦泥炭地的利用潜力相当有限，特别是在低投入管理下。
Most tropical peat soil is classified as Oligotrophic peat due to their low N, P, K, and Ca content. The macroand micro-nutrient status of tropical peat soils in natural forests and under cultivation was studied in Malay peninsular and Sarawak. The average concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe of tropical peat were significantly lower than those of grass peat in Japan. The P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations of surface soils were higher than those of subsoils. Average concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Fe in Sarawak soils were lower than those of Malay peninsular soils for both surface and subsoils. Based on the analysis of the distribution o f the meta l for ms, most Cu and Fe occurred in strongly chelated and nonextractable forms (non-available form). The concentrations of water soluble and exchangeable forms (available form) of Mn, Zn, and Cu were very low. In the case of fertilized soil, heavy metal content of the surface soils were about 3 to 15 times as high as those of the subsoil. Most of this was accounted for by the weakly chelated, strongly chelated, or non-extractable forms, because the pH of the surface soil was higher than that of the subsoil. As the chelating ef fect of humic substances is likely to be pronounced for high soil pH, heavy metals applied in fertilizers were changed into nonavailable forms. The concentrations of N and P were fairly high in the soil solution in tropical peat profile, except for P in the profile near the center of the peat dome in a climax forest. Dissolved P consisted mostly of or tho phosphate, whereas a large part of N was in organic forms. K concentration was not low in the soil solution in the forest as compared with the global average of river water. Low K in soil solution profile was observed at the Sago plantation field in deep peat. Forest clear-cutting disturbs the K cycling in an ecosystem. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Fe were fairly low in the soil solution of peat profile as compared with the average of river water in Japan. The potential capacity to supply K, Ca, and P was not necessarily high, in spite of the apparent high level obser ved for the soil solution composition. Therefore, from the viewpoint of nutrient dynamics, the potential for using reclaimed peat land is rather limited, especially under low input management.