Extensive reorganization of primary afferent projections into the gustatory brainstem induced by feeding a sodium-restricted diet during development: Less is more
Extensive reorganization of primary afferent projections into the gustatory brainstem induced by feeding a sodium-restricted diet during development: Less is more
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.4518-06.2007
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发表时间：
2007-04-25
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Hill, David L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mangold, Jamie E.;Hill, David L.
在神经发生和快速成熟期间，神经发育特别容易受到环境影响。事实上，仅限于胚胎发育的短期环境操作会导致形态和功能的显着变化。从感觉系统的研究中出现的一个指导原则是，实验诱导的效应在更高的神经水平（例如，皮质），主要涉及出生后的突触细化。与其他感觉系统相比，味觉系统特别容易受到剥夺的影响，并且脑干发生了明显的深刻变化。在这里，我们表明，喂养孕鼠自定义饮食具有低钠含量为9天前，舌头出现在胎儿产生广泛的味觉脑干重建。从胚胎第3天（E3）到E12，喂食定制饮食的母亲所生的大鼠在成年时具有岩浅大神经、鼓索神经和舌咽神经的终末场体积，其比喂食标准大鼠食物的大鼠中发现的终末场体积扩大多达10倍。这种广泛的改变并不归因于神经细胞数量的增加、目标大小的增加或外周味觉功能的明显变化。此外，我们还表明，与将大鼠喂食到断奶后年龄相比，喂食定制饮食的有限时间具有更大的影响。我们的研究结果表明，早期的经验改变，特别是在孤束核神经发生，导致味觉脑干的重组，这反过来可能会影响控制的感觉和稳态过程。
Neural development is especially vulnerable to environmental influences during periods of neurogenesis and rapid maturation. In fact, short periods of environmental manipulations confined to embryonic development lead to significant changes in morphology and function. Aguiding principal emerging from studies of sensory systems is that experimentally induced effects are most dramatic in higher neural levels (e.g., cortex) and primarily involve postnatal synaptic refinements. In contrast to other sensory systems, the gustatory system is particularly susceptible to the effects of deprivation much earlier and with profound changes evident in the brainstem. Here we show that feeding pregnant rats a custom diet featuring a low-sodium content for 9 d before the tongue appears in the fetus produces extensive restructuring of the gustatory brainstem. Rats born to mothers fed the custom diet from embryonic day 3 (E3) to E12 have terminal field volumes of the greater superficial petrosal, chorda tympani, and glossopharyngeal nerves at adulthood that are expanded as much as 10 times beyond that found in rats fed a standard rat chow. The widespread alterations are not attributable to increased numbers of nerve cells, increased target size, or obvious changes in peripheral taste function. Moreover, we show that the limited period of feeding the custom diet has much larger effects than if rats were fed the diet to postweaning ages. Our results suggest that early periods of altered experience, especially during nucleus of the solitary tract neurogenesis, leads to a restructuring of the gustatory brainstem, which in turn may impact the control of sensory and homeostatic processes.