Organochlorine pesticide residue and PCBs in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) incidentally caught in Scandinavian waters.
Organochlorine pesticide residue and PCBs in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) incidentally caught in Scandinavian waters.
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在斯堪的纳维亚水域偶然捕获的港鼠海豚 (Phocoena phocoena) 中存在有机氯农药残留和多氯联苯。
DOI：
10.1016/0269-7491(94)00066-m
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发表时间：
1995
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
P. Reijnders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Kleivane;J. U. Skaare;A. Bjørge;E. D. Ruiter;P. Reijnders
在1987-1991年挪威和丹麦的港湾鼠海豚项目，皮下脂肪样品的34个男性港湾鼠海豚（Phocoena phocoena）收集。选择了北大西洋东北部、北方北海和卡特加特海峡（分别位于Tufjord、Vestlandet和Gilleleje）3个地理位置（56°N，12°E ~ 71°N，26°E）的动物，以研究该物种的有机氯（OC）污染。所使用的分析标准包括工业化学品多氯联苯（22种单独的多氯联苯同系物和6种工业混合物，其中含有104种多氯联苯同系物或同系物组）和六氯苯，以及有机氯农药滴滴涕、六氯环己烷、异狄氏剂、狄氏剂和氯氰菊酯的代谢物氧氯菊酯和反式九氯以及环氧化七氯。在所有动物体内共检测到16种PCB同系物或同系物组、除o，p '-DDD外的所有DDT代谢物以及所有农药。∑PCB（检测到的47种PCB同系物的浓度总和）和∑DDT（检测到的所有DDT化合物的浓度总和）的浓度范围分别为3.7 - 65.3和3.2 - 45.0 μg g g− 1脂重。狄氏剂、异狄氏剂和反式九氯的平均浓度范围为1-3微克/克，而六氯环己烷、环氧七氯和六氯代苯的平均浓度则小于1微克/克。各地理区域之间的多氯联苯同系物分布格局没有明显的差异。在Gilleleje、Vestlandet和Tufjord发现的主要多氯联苯同系物147/123、153、138/163/164、182/187和180分别占总多氯联苯的53%、45%和44%。一个显着的差异之间的PCB同系物的数量在新生和老年江豚的鲸脂。这可能表明存在血液/胎盘屏障和/或具有特定结构的多氯联苯的选择性乳房转运。除了六氯苯和六氯环己烷外，有机碳随着年龄的增长而明显积累。除狄氏剂和环氧七氯外，所有化合物的有机氯含量都存在明显的地理差异。在来自北方Tufjord的动物群中，发现氯草胺代谢物（反式-九氯草胺和氧氯草胺）和异狄氏剂的含量明显较高，而在来自南方Gilleleje的动物群中，∑DDT、p，p '-DDTs、六氯环己烷和多氯联苯的含量最高。最高水平的o，p '-取代滴滴涕被发现在标本从中间位置Vestlandet。这些结果显示，这三个地点之间很少或没有定期迁移的海港海豚。OC浓度和鲸脂厚度之间没有相关性。虽然北大西洋东部邻近沃茨和北美洲沿着港口鼠海豚体内的∑DDT和∑PCB的平均值处于先前报告的水平的低端，但这些水平相对较高。在本研究中的有机氯浓度的港口江豚是2-3倍高于相应的OC水平检测到的海豹（Phoca vitulina）从相同的地区。
During Norwegian and Danish harbour porpoise projects 1987–1991, subcutaneous blubber samples of 34 male harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were collected. Animals from three geographical locations, ranging from 56°N, 12°E to 71°N, 26°E, were chosen in order to study the organochlorine (OC) contamination in this species inhabiting the northeastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean, the northern North Sea and Kattegat, at the locations of Tufjord, Vestlandet and Gilleleje, respectively. Analytical standards used consisted of the industrial chemicals PCBs (22 individual PCB congeners and 6 industrial mixtures which contained 104 PCB congeners or group of congeners) and HCB, and the organochlorine pesticides DDT, HCH, the cyclodienes endrin, dieldrin and the chlordane metabolites oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor, and heptachlor epoxide. A total of 16 PCB congeners or groups of congeners, all the DDT metabolites except o,p'-DDD, and all the pesticides were detected in all animals. The concentrations of ∑PCB (sum of concentrations of 47 detected PCB congeners) and ∑DDT (sum of concentrations of all DDT detected compounds) ranged from 3·7–65·3 and 3·2–45·0 μg g−1lipid weight, respectively. The range of mean concentrations of dieldrin, endrin and trans-nonachlor was 1–3 μg g−1, while mean concentrations of HCHs, heptachlor epoxide, and HCB were <1 μg g−1. No significant variation in PCB congener pattern was apparent between geographical areas. The major PCB congeners nos 147/123, 153, 138/163/164, 182/187 and 180 at Gilleleje, Vestlandet and Tufjord represented 53%, 45% and 44% of ∑PCB, respectively. A significant difference was found between the number of PCB congeners in blubber of newborn and older porpoises. This might indicate the presence of a blood/placenta barrier and/or selective mammary transport of PCBs with specific structures. A significant OC accumulation with age was apparent, with the exception of HCB and HCHs. Geographical differences in the levels of OCs were apparent for all compounds except for dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide. Significantly higher levels of chlordane metabolites (trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane) and endrin were found in the group of animals from the northern location Tufjord, while ∑DDT, p,p'-DDTs, HCHs and PCBs were highest in the group of animals from the southern location Gilleleje. Highest levels of the o,p'-substituted DDTs were found in specimens from the middle location Vestlandet. These findings indicate little or no regular migration of harbour porpoise between these three locations. No correlations were found between OC concentrations and blubber thickness. Although mean values of ∑DDT and ∑PCB were in the lower end of previously reported levels in harbour porpoise from adjacent waters in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean and along the coasts of North America, these levels are relatively high. The organochlorine concentrations in harbour porpoises in the present study were 2–3 times higher than corresponding OC levels detected in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from the same areas.