EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION OF CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/152.2.243
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
PASS, RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PASS, RF
尽管对巨细胞病毒（CMV）已经有了很多了解，但它仍然是美国先天性病毒感染的最重要原因，输血获得性感染的重要原因（特别是在小早产儿中），以及器官移植受者和其他免疫功能低下患者发病的常见原因。抗病毒药物的持续发展最终可能使一些CMV感染得到有效治疗，但化疗不能指望对治疗先天性CMV感染有多大帮助。在原发性母体妊娠感染中，> 90%无症状，因此临床上无法检测到[1-3]。对先天性感染的新生儿进行抗病毒治疗不太可能逆转子宫内造成的损害。预防CMV感染，特别是孕妇，应该是我们的最终目标。免疫接种对其他病毒感染，如天花、麻疹、腮腺炎、小儿麻痹症和风疹，都非常成功。风疹的先天性感染在美国已经很罕见了[4]。此外，通过对新生儿进行主动和被动免疫预防围产期病毒传播，我们似乎能够大大减少B型肝炎病毒的携带和伴随的长期后遗症[5，6]。针对这些病毒感染的成功预防战略是通过免疫接种来实施的，在每一种情况下，流行病学和病毒传播的知识都是一个关键因素。尽管多种因素，包括对安全、有效疫苗的需求，阻碍了以前成功的直接治疗CMV的方法的应用，但缺乏关于CMV传播的信息，
Although a great deal has been learned about cytomegalovirus (CMV), it remains the most important cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, a significant cause of transfusion-acquired infection (especially in small premature newborns), and a frequent cause of morbidity among organtransplant recipients and other immunocom-promised patients. Continued development of antiviral drugs may eventually allow effective treatment of some CMV infections, but chemotherapy cannot be expected to be of much help in treating congenital CMV infections. Of primary maternal gestational infections,> 90% are asymptomatic and therefore clinically undetectable [1-3]. Antiviral treatment of the newborn with congenital infection is not likely to reverse the damage done in utero. Prevention of CMV infections, especially in pregnant women, should be our ultimate goal. Immunization has been spectacularly successful against other viral infections, eg, smallpox, measles, mumps, polio, and rubella. Congenital infection with rubella is now a rarity in the United States [4]. In addition, it appears that we will be able to reduce greatly the carriage of hepatitis B virus and attendant long-term sequelae by combined use of active and passive immunization of the newborn to prevent perinatal transmission of virus [5, 6]. Successful preventive strategies against these viral infections were employed by using immunization, and in each case knowledge of the epidemiology and transmission of the virus was a key element. Although multiple factors, including the need for a safe, effective vaccine, hinder application of previously successful approaches directly to CMV, the lack of information on CMV transmis-