Analysis of U.S. soil lead (Pb) studies from 1970 to 2012
Analysis of U.S. soil lead (Pb) studies from 1970 to 2012
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.089
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Datko-Williams, Laura;Wilkie, Adrien;Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer
尽管自1995年逐步淘汰含铅汽油以来，美国向空气中排放的铅已经大大减少，但一些土壤中的铅含量仍然很高。住宅和娱乐土壤中的铅浓度令人关注，因为健康影响与铅接触有关。土壤铅含量升高对幼儿尤其有害，因为他们更有可能从土壤中摄入铅。本研究的目的是建立一个从1970年到2012年发布的美国土壤铅数据的综合汇编，并分析收集到的数据，以揭示过去40年来美国土壤铅的空间和/或时间趋势。对美国62个城市的84项土壤铅研究进行了评估。研究分析了土壤中位铅值与采样年份、居住地点类型（如城市、郊区）和人口密度的关系。总体上，年份与土壤铅含量中位数无显著相关；但在单个城市内，土壤铅随时间的推移总体呈下降趋势。分析表明，土壤Pb含量总体上以市中心最高，向城郊和远郊下降。土壤中位铅与人口密度呈显著正相关。总的来说，这里研究的趋势与先前报道的结论一致，即大城市地区的土壤铅水平较高，而且铅往往会在土壤中停留很长时间。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Although lead (Pb) emissions to the air have substantially decreased in the United States since the phase-out of leaded gasoline by 1995, amounts of lead in some soils remain elevated. Lead concentrations in residential and recreational soils are of concern because health effects have been associated with Pb exposure. Elevated soil Pb is especially harmful to young children due to their higher likelihood of soil ingestion. The purpose of this study is to create a comprehensive compilation of U.S. soil Pb data published from 1970 through 2012 as well as to analyze the collected data to reveal spatial and/or temporal soil Pb trends in the U.S. over the past 40 years. A total of 84 soil Pb studies across 62 U.S. cities were evaluated. Median soil Pb values from the studies were analyzed with respect to year of sampling, residential location type (e.g., urban, suburban), and population density. In aggregate, there was no statistically significant correlation between year and median soil Pb; however, within single cities, soil Pb generally declined overtime. Our analysis shows that soil Pb quantities in city centers were generally highest and declined towards the suburbs and exurbs of the city. In addition, there was a statistically significant, positive relationship between median soil Pb and population density. In general, the trends examined here align with previously reported conclusions that soil Pb levels are higher in larger urban areas and Pb tends to remain in soil for long periods of time. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.