Interference of viral effector proteins with chromatin, transcription, and the epigenome.
Interference of viral effector proteins with chromatin, transcription, and the epigenome.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.009
复制
发表时间：
2015-08
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Ivan Marazzi;A. García-Sastre
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ivan Marazzi;A. García-Sastre
病原体利用细胞功能来创造有利于其生存和繁殖的环境。病毒和细菌表达效应蛋白或毒力因子，已知在分子水平上干扰细胞中许多生理事件的调节“检查点”。一个新的突出研究领域是鉴定在宿主染色质上起作用的致病效应蛋白，它们对染色质调节过程的破坏/干扰，对感染细胞的短/长/可遗传效应以及它们在生物体水平上表达的最终结果。由于病毒感染在感染细胞中产生多效性效应，因此通常难以区分表观遗传修饰、细胞信号传导和病毒干扰之间的因果关系。事实上，在感染过程中，表观遗传和转录失调通常是细胞信号传导的结果，而不是由毒力因子直接抑制的结果。我们描述了基于染色质的机制的一般概念，并列出了几个病毒衍生的免疫调节蛋白的例子，对于这些蛋白，在病毒和宿主基因组中，病原体利用细胞功能创造一个有利于它们生存和繁殖的环境。病毒和细菌表达效应蛋白或毒力因子，已知在分子水平上干扰细胞中许多生理事件的调节“检查点”。一个新的突出的研究领域是鉴定在宿主染色质上起作用的致病效应蛋白，它们对染色质调节过程的颠覆/干扰，对感染细胞的短/长/可遗传的影响以及它们在生物体水平上表达的最终后果。
HighlightsPathogens exploit cellular functions to their own advantage to create an environment conducive to their persistence and propagation.Viruses and bacteria express effector-proteins or virulence factors, known to interfere at the molecular level with regulatory ‘checkpoints’ of numerous physiological events in the cell.A newly prominent area of research is the identification of pathogenic effector proteins that function on the host chromatin, their subversion/interference with chromatin regulatory processes, the short/long/heritable effects on the infected cell and the ultimate consequence of their expression at the organismal level.Since viral infection generates pleiotropic effects in the infected cell, it is often difficult to discern between the cause and effect relationships of epigenetic modification, cell signaling and viral interference. Indeed, epigenetic and transcriptional deregulation during infection is often the result of cellular signaling rather than of direct inhibition by a virulence factor.We describe general concept of chromatin-based mechanism and listed a few examples of viral-derived immunomodulatory proteins for which a specific and causal role in interfering with chromatin events, at both the viral and host genome, is well established.Pathogens exploit cellular functions to create an environment conducive to their persistence and propagation. Viruses and bacteria express effector-proteins or virulence factors, known to interfere at the molecular level with regulatory ‘checkpoints’ of numerous physiological events in the cell. A newly prominent area of research is the identification of pathogenic effector proteins that function on the host chromatin, their subversion/interference with chromatin regulatory processes, the short/long/heritable effects on the infected cell and the ultimate consequence of their expression at the organismal level.