The Diversification of Evolutionarily Conserved MAPK Cascades Correlates with the Evolution of Fungal Species and Development of Lifestyles.
The Diversification of Evolutionarily Conserved MAPK Cascades Correlates with the Evolution of Fungal Species and Development of Lifestyles.
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进化保守的 MAPK 级联的多样化与真菌物种的进化和生活方式的发展相关
DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evw051
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Fang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu C;Liu R;Zhang Q;Chen X;Qian Y;Fang W
真菌王国展示了极其多样化的生活方式、发育过程和生态环境。MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)级联由MAPKKK、MAPKK和MAPK组成，这些级联通路共同在真菌的细胞调控中起着关键作用。然而，进化上保守的MAPK级联调控真菌不同输出反应的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们从包括9个真菌门的231个真菌物种中鉴定了完整的MAPK级联组分。使用迄今为止最大的数据集，我们发现MAPK家族成员可以有两个祖先，而MAPKK和MAPKKK家族成员只能有一个祖先。目前的MAPK、MAPKK和MAPKKK亚家族是真菌王国出现时的复制和随后的亚功能化的结果。然而，基因结构的多样化和基因的扩张和缺失导致了真菌MAPK级联的显著多样性，与真菌物种和生活方式的进化相关。特别是，在酵母菌的单细胞真菌中发现了明显的MAPK级联进化轨迹。所有MAPK、MAPKK和MAPKKK亚家族都在酵母菌中广泛存在；编码MAPK级联组分的基因在这一类中具有不同于其他真菌的相似的外显子-内含子结构。
The fungal kingdom displays an extraordinary diversity of lifestyles, developmental processes, and ecological niches. The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade consists of interlinked MAPKKK, MAPKK, and MAPK, and collectively such cascades play pivotal roles in cellular regulation in fungi. However, the mechanism by which evolutionarily conserved MAPK cascades regulate diverse output responses in fungi remains unknown. Here we identified the full complement of MAPK cascade components from 231 fungal species encompassing 9 fungal phyla. Using the largest data set to date, we found that MAPK family members could have two ancestors, while MAPKK and MAPKKK family members could have only one ancestor. The current MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK subfamilies resulted from duplications and subsequent subfunctionalization during the emergence of the fungal kingdom. However, the gene structure diversification and gene expansion and loss have resulted in significant diversity in fungal MAPK cascades, correlating with the evolution of fungal species and lifestyles. In particular, a distinct evolutionary trajectory of MAPK cascades was identified in single-celled fungi in the Saccharomycetes. All MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK subfamilies expanded in the Saccharomycetes; genes encoding MAPK cascade components have a similar exon–intron structure in this class that differs from those in other fungi.