Symmetry-Breaking Cilia-Driven Flow in Embryogenesis
Symmetry-Breaking Cilia-Driven Flow in Embryogenesis
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040231
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
27.7
通讯作者：
David. J. Smith;T. Montenegro-Johnson;S. Lopes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David. J. Smith;T. Montenegro-Johnson;S. Lopes
左右身体对称性的系统性破坏是人类生理学的一个常见特征。在人类和许多动物中，这一过程起源于由旋转纤毛驱动的不对称流体流动，发生在称为节点的短命胚胎组织结构中。非常低的雷诺数的流体力学的这个系统进行审查，重要的功能包括纤毛旋转结合倾斜如何产生不对称的流动，边界效应，时间依赖性，和粒子跟踪实验的解释。扰动纤毛长度和数量的影响进行了讨论和比较，在小鼠和斑马鱼。虽然在过去的二十年里，对这一过程的理解已经有了显着的进步，但对于流动如何转化为不对称基因表达仍然没有达成共识，大多数研究都集中在解决机械与形态发生素传感。潜在的过程可能更微妙，可能涉及这些效应的组合，其中流体力学起着核心作用。
The systematic breaking of left–right body symmetry is a familiar feature of human physiology. In humans and many animals, this process originates with asymmetric fluid flow driven by rotating cilia, occurring in a short-lived embryonic organizing structure termed the node. The very low–Reynolds number fluid mechanics of this system is reviewed; important features include how cilia rotation combines with tilt to produce asymmetric flow, boundary effects, time dependence, and the interpretation of particle tracking experiments. The effect of perturbing cilia length and number is discussed and compared in mouse and zebrafish. Whereas understanding of this process has advanced significantly over the past two decades, there is still no consensus on how flow is converted to asymmetric gene expression, with most research focusing on resolving mechanical versus morphogen sensing. The underlying process may be more subtle, probably involving a combination of these effects, with fluid mechanics playing a central role.