Tumor glycolysis, an essential sweet tooth of tumor cells
Tumor glycolysis, an essential sweet tooth of tumor cells
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.007
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发表时间：
2022-10-31
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
Kumar, Sushil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Paul, Sumana;Ghosh, Saikat;Kumar, Sushil
癌细胞经历代谢改变以满足对能量、构件和氧化还原电位的巨大需求。即使在氧气存在的情况下，肿瘤也显示出葡萄糖和乳酸盐分泌行为，这一过程被称为有氧糖酵解。糖酵解是癌细胞代谢的支柱，癌细胞已经进化出各种机制来增强它。葡萄糖代谢与其他代谢途径交织在一起，使癌症代谢多样化和异质性，其中糖酵解起着核心作用。致癌信号主要通过增强糖酵解酶的表达或通过翻译后修饰来加速糖酵解酶的代谢活性。有氧糖酵解将葡萄糖发酵成乳酸，乳酸通过各种机制支持肿瘤生长和转移。在此，我们集中在肿瘤糖酵解，特别是其与戊糖磷酸途径，谷氨酰胺代谢，一碳代谢和线粒体氧化的相互作用。此外，我们描述了关键糖酵解酶在癌症中的作用和调节。我们总结了乳酸，糖酵解的最终产物，在肿瘤生长中的作用，以及转移过程中的代谢适应。最后，我们简要讨论了局限性和未来方向，以提高我们对癌症中葡萄糖代谢的了解。
Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to meet the immense demand for energy, building blocks, and redox potential. Tumors show glucose-avid and lactate-secreting behavior even in the presence of oxygen, a process known as aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis is the backbone of cancer cell metabolism, and cancer cells have evolved various mechanisms to enhance it. Glucose metabolism is intertwined with other metabolic pathways, making cancer metabolism diverse and heterogeneous, where glycolysis plays a central role. Oncogenic signaling ac-celerates the metabolic activities of glycolytic enzymes, mainly by enhancing their expression or by post -translational modifications. Aerobic glycolysis ferments glucose into lactate which supports tumor growth and metastasis by various mechanisms. Herein, we focused on tumor glycolysis, especially its interactions with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutamine metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, and mitochondrial oxidation. Further, we describe the role and regulation of key glycolytic enzymes in cancer. We summarize the role of lactate, an end product of glycolysis, in tumor growth, and the metabolic adaptations during metastasis. Lastly, we briefly discuss limitations and future directions to improve our understanding of glucose metabolism in cancer.