Possible Batesian mimicry to sexually different models in the tussock moth Numenes albofascia with a great sexual color dimorphism
Possible Batesian mimicry to sexually different models in the tussock moth Numenes albofascia with a great sexual color dimorphism
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DOI：
10.1111/ens.12557
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发表时间：
2023-09-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Hayashi，Fumio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yazaki，Hidemori;Hayashi，Fumio
带有警示颜色的模仿包括巴特式和缪勒式模仿。如果我们按性别来划分模仿，理论上有四种类型的模仿：单峰模仿、女性模仿、男性模仿和双重模仿。后三例在体色和标记图案上导致性别二型性，但报道较少。在这项研究中，我们证明了白纹伊蚊可能是一个双重模仿者。雄性和雌性白纹伊蚊的翅膀颜色和斑纹是完全不同的，雄性的花纹类似于烟蛾Pidorus atratus，雌性的花纹类似于虎斑蛾Arctia caja。 白筋膜亚种雌雄之间的体型也有很大差异，这与雌雄之间的拟态模式种相匹配。这些蛾在日本分布均匀，它们的成虫季节相互重叠。根据蜥蜴的饲养实验，白纹伊蚊(N. )是可口的，而雄性和雌性模式物种都不可口。实验室的行为图和野外的捕光表明， 的雌性从日落到午夜活跃，而雄性在黎明前后的黄昏期间飞行。因此，雄蛾和雌蛾可能分别是昼夜活动的 atrus和夜间活动的 caja的Batesian拟态，其巨大的性别二型性可能是由双重拟态引起的。
Mimicry with warning colors includes Batesian and Müllerian mimicries. If we divide mimicry by sex, there are theoretically four types of mimicry: unimodal, female‐limited, male‐limited and dual mimicry. The latter three cases cause sexual dimorphism in body color and marking pattern but are rarely reported. In this study, we show that the tussock mothNumenes albofasciais possibly a dual mimic. The wing color and marking pattern of male and femaleN. albofasciaare completely different, with the male's pattern resembling that of the smoky mothPidorus atratus, while the female pattern resembles that of the tiger mothArctia caja. Body size also differs greatly between the sexes ofN. albofascia, matching the mimicry model species of each sex. These moths are distributed sympatrically in Japan, and their adult seasons overlap with each other. According to lizard feeding experiments,N. albofasciais palatable, while both male and female model species are unpalatable. Actograms in the laboratory and the light trapping in the field suggest that females ofN. albofasciafly actively from sunset to midnight, while males fly during the twilight period around dawn. Therefore, male and femaleN. albofasciamight be Batesian mimics of diurnally activeP. atratusand nocturnally activeA. caja, respectively, and the great sexual dimorphism of this moth could be caused by dual mimicry.