Proactive control of affective distraction: Experience-based but not expectancy-based
Proactive control of affective distraction: Experience-based but not expectancy-based
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104072
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kunde, Wilfried
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidts, Constantin;Foerster, Anna;Kunde, Wilfried
不愉快的刺激会破坏正在进行的信息处理，即使它们与任务完全无关。我们研究了这种情感障碍是否可以被明确和主动地控制。具体来说，我们研究了两种不同的机制，以诱导积极控制：频繁的情感分心的经验和即将到来的情感分心的线索。我们预测，这两种机制将屏蔽注意系统的情感干扰。参与者解决了一个字母分类任务，同时暴露于中性或负面干扰图片。我们改变了消极干扰物的比例是低还是高，以及即将到来的类型的干扰物效价的线索是信息性的还是非信息性的。在三个实验（N = 114），我们发现支持的概念，基于经验的控制屏蔽信息处理情感干扰，而分心效价的期望是没有帮助的。这些数据表明，没有明确的自上而下的影响，注意力控制设置的情感分心，只是调整的背景。
Unpleasant stimuli disrupt ongoing information processing, even when they are entirely task-irrelevant. We examined whether such affective disturbances can be controlled explicitly and proactively. Specifically, we studied two different mechanisms to induce proactive control: the experience of frequent affective distraction and cueing of upcoming affective distraction. We predicted that both mechanisms would shield the attentional system from affective disturbance. Participants solved a letter classification task while being exposed to neutral or negative distractor pictures. We varied whether the proportion of negative distractors was low or high and whether cues for the upcoming type of distractor valence were informative or uninformative. In three experiments (N = 114), we found support for the notion that experience-based control shields information processing from affective disturbances, whereas distractor valence expectations were not helpful. These data suggest that there is no explicit top-down influence on attentional control settings of affective distraction, just adjustments to the context.