An overview of the hydrology of non‐perennial rivers and streams
An overview of the hydrology of non‐perennial rivers and streams
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DOI：
10.1002/wat2.1504
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Shanafield;Sarah A. Bourke;M. Zimmer;K. Costigan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Shanafield;Sarah A. Bourke;M. Zimmer;K. Costigan
非多年生河流和小溪在我们的星球上无处不在。虽然有几个指标被用于统计分组或比较河流的流量特征，但目前还没有广泛使用的定义，即多少天或超过多少长度的地表流量必须停止，才能将河流分类为非多年生。与此同时，非多年生河流的气候和地理环境的广度导致了其流量状况的多样性，例如它们干涸的频率和速度。这些河流的生态和地貌特征有着丰富而不断扩大的文献，但往往被水文学家所忽视。然而，我们确实对它们的水文学有很多了解，比如水流的产生过程、水的损失和水流的变化。我们还知道，虽然它们在干旱地区普遍存在，但它们发生在所有气候类型中，并经历了一系列自然和人为控制溪流的多种因素。此外，这些河流的水文测量和建模也面临着明显的挑战，研究方向也很多，需要进一步关注。因此，我们概述了当前对非多年生河流的认识、方法上的挑战、知识缺口和研究方向；鉴于日益严重的全球水资源短缺和不断变化的法律和政策，这些法律和政策决定了这些河流是否得到环境保护以及得到多少保护。
Non‐perennial rivers and streams are ubiquitous on our planet. Although several metrics have been used to statistically group or compare streamflow characteristics, there is currently no widely used definition of how many days or over what reach length surface flow must cease in order to classify a river as non‐perennial. At the same time, the breadth of climate and geographic settings for non‐perennial rivers leads to diversity in their flow regimes, such as how often or how quickly they go dry. These rivers have a rich and expanding body of literature addressing their ecologic and geomorphic features, but are often said to be ignored by hydrologists. Yet there is much we do know about their hydrology in terms of streamflow generation processes, water losses, and variability in flow. We also know that while they are prevalent in arid regions, they occur across all climate types and experience a diverse set of natural and anthropogenic controls on streamflow. Furthermore, measuring and modeling the hydrology of these rivers presents a distinct set of challenges, and there are many research directions, which still require further attention. Therefore, we present an overview of the current understanding, methodologic challenges, knowledge gaps, and research directions for hydrologic understanding of non‐perennial rivers; critical topics in light of both growing global water scarcity and ever‐changing laws and policies that dictate whether and how much environmental protection these rivers receive.