DRIVER EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, CO, OZONE, AND NO2 UNDER DIFFERENT DRIVING CONDITIONS
DRIVER EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, CO, OZONE, AND NO2 UNDER DIFFERENT DRIVING CONDITIONS
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DOI：
10.1021/es00017a021
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发表时间：
1991-05-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
SHELDON, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHAN, CC;OZKAYNAK, H;SHELDON, L
1988年夏天，在北卡罗来纳州罗利市，对24种与汽油有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和三种标准空气污染物--臭氧、一氧化碳和二氧化氮的车内浓度进行了测量。两辆不同车龄的四门轿车被用来评估这些化合物在不同驾驶条件下的车内浓度。评估了可能影响驾驶员暴露的因素，如不同的交通模式、车型、车辆通风条件和驾驶时间。异戊烷是最丰富的脂肪烃，甲苯是在车内测得的最丰富的芳香族VOC。车载VOC和CO浓度城市道路最高，州际公路次之，农村道路最低。每个VOC的城市/州际/农村浓度比的中位数约为10/6/1。车载VOC浓度在上午和下午高峰时段没有差异，但在下午驾驶时车内臭氧和NO2浓度较高。空调开着时，车内VOC水平最低，风扇打开时，车内VOC水平最高。VOCs、CO和NO2的车内/车外浓度比略高于1。行人在城市人行道上测得的VOC浓度低于车内测量，但高于离街道50m的城市道路上的固定现场测量。VOC测量值与CO测量值呈正相关，与臭氧测量值呈负相关。
The in-vehicle concentrations of 24 gasoline-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and three criteria air pollutants, ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide, were measured in the summer of 1988, in Raleigh, NC. Two four-door sedans of different ages were used to evaluate in-vehicle concentrations of these compounds under different driving conditions. Factors that could influence driver exposure, such as different traffic patterns, car model, vehicle ventilation conditions, and driving periods, were evaluated. Isopentane was the most abundant aliphatic hydrocarbon and toluene was the most abundant aromatic VOC measured inside the vehicles. In-vehicle VOC and CO concentrations were highest for the urban roadway, second highest for the interstate highway, and lowest for the rural road. The median concentration ratio of urban/interstate/rural for each VOC was about 10/6/1. No differences in in-vehicle VOC concentrations were found between morning and afternoon rush hour driving, but higher in-vehicle ozone and NO2 concentrations were found during afternoon driving. In-vehicle VOC levels were lowest with the air conditioner on and highest when the vent was open with the fan on. The in-vehicle/car exterior concentration ratio for VOCs, CO, and NO2 was slightly higher than 1. The VOC concentration measured by a pedestrian on the urban sidewalk was lower than the in-vehicle measurements but higher than the fixed-site measurements on urban roadways 50 m from streets. The VOC measurements were positively correlated with the CO measurement and negatively correlated with the ozone measurement.