HISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SALIVARY MUCINS
HISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF SALIVARY MUCINS
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唾液粘蛋白的组织化学鉴定
DOI：
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
G. Quintarelli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Quintarelli
近100年前，鲁道夫·海登哈恩(Rudolph Heidenhain，1868)将唾液腺分为两类，并将其区分为“白蛋白性”和“粘液性”分泌物。由于腮腺液与胰腺分泌物非常相似，白蛋白一词被采用，后来被A.Heidenhain(1870)修改为“浆液性”。另一方面，粘蛋白长期以来被认为是一种粘性的、透明的物质，可以被醋酸沉淀(Scherer，1843)。在人类和动物中，唾液粘液被几个研究人员识别(Bernard，1859；Oehl，1864；Kolliker，1866)。此外，众所周知，醋酸对颌下腺、舌下腺和小唾液腺的内容物有“凝结”作用。Giannuzzi(1865)发现的hdbmonde(半月骨)是粘液腺附近的新解剖实体，为唾液腺的结构增加了更多的知识。根据Heidenhain的分类，腮腺被认为是典型的浆液性腺体，与胰腺在结构上有很大的相似之处，而颌下腺、舌下腺和小涎腺被认为是混合的(浆液-粘液)或纯粘液分泌结构。然而，由于几种动物唾液腺的形态差异和极大的异质性，大多数研究人员试图根据它们的颜色特性来定义它们。这些尝试表明，在识别细胞分泌物方面预见到了困难。早期组织学家的最大努力之一是找到最合适的染色方法，以努力区分各种粘液细胞。埃尔利希(1877)是第一个区分碱性染料和酸性染料的人。他展示了苯胺衍生物对粘蛋白在各种组织中的染色非常有用。Stohr(1887)成功地用苯胺染料对粘液细胞进行了染色，而Raudnitz(1883)使用Mayer(1882)推荐的紫B，在猫颌下腺中发现了变色物质。Nordmann(1885)在粘液细胞中对大丽花、孔雀石绿和品红呈阳性反应。Sussdorf(1888)进一步强调了碱性染料的重要性，因为碱性染料最适合粘蛋白的染色。然而，他注意到，尽管马肠和猫肠的某些粘液泡染色良好，但舌下腺没有反应。藏红花素和硫代巴比妥钠可在几个粘液细胞内清楚地显示异染性。后一种染料被大多数研究人员忽视，被用于唾液和唾液中的粘蛋白染色。
Nearly 100 years ago Rudolph Heidenhain (1868) classified the salivary glands into two groups and distinguished an “albuminous” and a ((mucous” secretion. The term albuminous, later modified into “serous” by A. Heidenhain (1870), was adopted because of the close resemblance of the parotid fluid to the pancreatic secretion. Mucin, on the other hand, was long known to be a viscid, clear substance which could be precipitated by acetic acid (Scherer, 1843). In humans as well as in animals salivary mucus was recognized by several investigators (Bernard, 1859; Oehl, 1864; Kolliker, 1866). Furthermore it was well known that acetic acid had a “coagulating” effect on the submaxillary, sublingual, and minor salivary gland contents. The discovery by Giannuzzi (1865) of the hdbmonde (demilunes) as new anatomical entities adjacent to the mucous acini, added further knowledge to the structure of the salivary glands. Following Heidenhain’s classification, the parotid was considered a typical serous gland, having great structural similarities to the pancreas, while the submaxillary and the sublingual as well as the minor salivary glands were recognized as mixed (serous-mucous) or pure mucus-secreting structures. However, because of the morphological differences and the great heterogeneity of several animal salivary glands, most of the investigators endeavored to define them according to their tinctorial properties. These attempts indicated the difficulties foreseen in the recognition of the cell secretion. One of the greatest efforts of the early histologists was then to find the most suitable staining methods in an endeavor to distinguish the various mucous cells. Ehrlich (1877) was the first to differentiate between basic and acidic dyes. He showed that aniline derivatives were very useful for the staining of mucin in a variety of tissues. Stohr (1887) successfully stained mucous cells with aniline dyes while Raudnitz (1883), using Violet B recommended by Mayer (1882), found chromotrope material in cat submaxillary gland. Nordmann (1885) obtained a positive reaction in mucous cells with Dahlia, malachite green, and fuchsin. Sussdorf (1888) further stressed the importance of basic dyes as the most suitable for the staining of mucin. He noticed, however, that although certain mucous alveoli of horse and cat intestine were well stained, the sublingual glands did not react. Metachromasia was clearly shown in several mucous cells by safranin and thionin. The latter dye, neglected by most investigators, was usefully applied for the staining of mucin in the salivary and