PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in 21 European study centres of ECRHS II:: annual means and seasonal differences
PM2.5 and NO2 assessment in 21 European study centres of ECRHS II:: annual means and seasonal differences
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.016
复制
发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Künzli, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hazenkamp-Von Arx, ME;Götschi, T;Künzli, N
对来自前ECRHS I的20多个欧洲中心(1989-1992年)的成人队列的后续行动调查了暴露在环境空气污染中对呼吸健康的长期影响，特别是哮喘和肺功能的变化。由于欧洲没有对PM2.5进行常规监测，我们测量了21个参与中心的PM2.5浓度，以估计这些城市的背景暴露情况。PM2.5的冬季(11月至2月)、夏季(5月至8月)和全年平均值(所有月份)是从2000年6月至2001年11月的测量期确定的。每个月进行7天的采样，为期一年。PM2.5的年平均浓度和冬季平均浓度差别很大，冰岛最低，意大利北部中心最高。年平均浓度为3.7-44.9微米(-3)，冬季为4.8-69.2微米(-3)，夏季为3.3-23.1微米(-3)。所有中心都出现了季节性变化，但并不遵循相同的模式。因此，各中心的排名从夏季到冬季各不相同。同时，使用被动采样管测量NO2浓度。年平均NO2浓度在4.9至72.1立方米(-3)之间，各中心的季节变化相似，各季节中心的排名不变。NO2和PM2.5年浓度之间的相关性很好(斯皮尔曼相关系数r(S)=0.75)，但当考虑到月平均值时，这种相关性就不那么一致了，而且不同中心之间的差异很大。ECRHS II获得的PM2.5质量浓度的范围比目前其他关于空气污染长期影响的队列研究的范围更大。PM2.5暴露的这种重大变化将提高未来多级别健康分析的统计能力，并在一定程度上弥补城市内部变异性信息的缺乏。可以使用季节性方法来显示全年毒性的潜在差异。在ECRHS各城市，每年的NO2可能会作为PM2.5的替代品，特别是在PM2.5不可用的情况下，用于过去的暴露评估。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The follow-up of cohorts of adults from more than 20 European centres of the former ECRHS I (1989-1992) investigates long-term effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on respiratory health, in particular asthma and change of pulmonary function. Since PM2.5 is not routinely monitored in Europe, we measured PM2.5 concentrations in 21 participating centres to estimate 'background' exposure in these cities. Winter (November-February), summer (May-August) and annual mean (all months) values of PM2.5 were determined from measuring periods between June 2000 and November 2001. Sampling was conducted for 7 days per month for a year. Annual and winter mean concentrations of PM2.5 vary substantially being lowest in Iceland and highest in centres in Northern Italy. Annual mean concentrations ranged from 3.7 to 44.9 mug m(-3), winter mean concentrations from 4.8 to 69.2 mug m(-3), and summer mean concentrations from 3.3 to 23.1 mugm(-3). Seasonal variability occurred but did not follow the same pattern across all centres. Therefore, ranking of centres varied from summer to winter. Simultaneously, NO2 concentrations were measured using passive sampling tubes. Annual mean NO2 concentrations range from 4.9 to 72.1 mug m(-3) with similar seasonal variations across centres and constant ranking of centres between seasons. The correlation between annual NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations is fair (Spearman correlation coefficient r(s) = 0.75), but when considered as monthly means the correlation is far less consistent and varies substantially between centres.The range of PM2.5 mass concentrations obtained in ECRHS II is larger than in other current cohort studies on long-term effects of air pollution. This substantial variation in PM2.5 exposure will improve statistical power in future multilevel health analyses and to some degree may compensate for the lack of information on within-city variability. Seasonal means may be used to indicate potential differences in the toxicity across the year. Across ECRHS cities annual NO2 might serve as a surrogate for PM2.5, especially for past exposure assessment, when PM2.5 is not available. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.