Measuring Ripple and Dune Migration in Coprates Chasma, Valles Marineris: A Source to Sink Aeolian System on Mars?

Measuring Ripple and Dune Migration in Coprates Chasma, Valles Marineris: A Source to Sink Aeolian System on Mars?
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测量科普拉特斯峡谷、水手谷的波纹和沙丘迁移:火星上风成系统的沉降源?

DOI:
10.1029/2020je006608
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Planets
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Boazman S
Boazman S
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Boazman S

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活跃的风成系统遍布火星表面,活跃的沙丘通常出现在凹陷处,如火山口和山谷。火星赤道地区有许多沙丘,包括水手谷,但地形对风的影响以及水手谷沙丘的迁移却知之甚少。我们调查了在Coprates峡谷沙丘领域的涟漪和沙丘迁移使用高分辨率科学实验图像(HiRISE)和上下文相机(CTX)图像。在2007-2014地球年之间的不同时间尺度上测量了沙丘边缘和涟漪的迁移率。这里的沙丘是火星上最高的沙丘之一,高度可达182米。由于地形对当地风的影响,沙丘边缘正以0.1-0.3 m/EY的速率向东迁移通过山谷。通过研究热惯性和矿物学,确定并调查了沙丘区的潜在沉积物来源。地形坡度相关的下降风沿着山谷壁向下传播,并与穿过山谷中心的主导风汇合,导致沙丘整体向东迁移。地形可能是当地风况的主要控制因素;斜坡风沿着山谷壁的两侧向下传播,并通过山谷中心形成漏斗。这些当地风随后促进了Coprates Chasma中大型沙丘的迁移,从而扩大了我们对火星环境中当地风的理解。
Active aeolian systems are present across the martian surface, with active dune fields commonly found in depressions such as craters and valleys. There are many dune fields within the equatorial region of Mars, including Valles Marineris, but the effects of topography on wind regimes and consequently dune migration in Valles Marineris is poorly understood. We investigated both the ripple and dune migration in a dune field in Coprates Chasma using High Resolution Science Experiment Images (HiRISE) and Context Camera (CTX) images. Migration rates of dune brinks and ripples were measured over varying time scales, between Earth years 2007–2014. The dunes here are some of the tallest on Mars, with heights of up to 182 m. The dune brinks are migrating eastwards at a rate of 0.1–0.3 m/EY through the valley due to topographical influences on the local winds. Potential sediment sources for the dune field were identified and investigated by studying thermal inertia and mineralogy. The topographic slope‐related katabatic winds travel down the valley walls and converge with the dominant winds traveling through the center of the valley, causing overall eastwards dune migration. Topography is likely the dominant control on the local wind regime; slope winds travel down the sides of the valley walls and are funneled through the center of the valley. These local winds subsequently facilitate the migration of the large dunes in Coprates Chasma, thus expanding our understanding of local winds in the Martian environment.
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