A robust and representative lower bound on object processing speed in humans.
A robust and representative lower bound on object processing speed in humans.
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DOI：
10.1111/ejn.13100
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发表时间：
2016-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Rousselet GA
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bieniek MM;Bennett PJ;Sekuler AB;Rousselet GA
大脑多久解码物体类别？解决这个问题对于限制支持对象分类的神经元架构类型至关重要。在这种背景下，人们在估计人脸处理速度方面投入了大量精力。由于预计起始时间为 50 至 150 毫秒，人类首次面部敏感反应的时间仍然存在争议。这一争议的部分原因是动态大脑测量对过滤失真和分析问题的敏感性。在这里，利用单试验事件相关电位 (ERP) 的分布、因果过滤、所有电极和时间点的统计分析以及多重比较的有效校正，我们提供的证据表明，最早的分类差异在刺激呈现后 90 毫秒左右开始。这些结果是从 120 名年龄在 18-81 岁之间的参与者组成的代表性小组中获得的，他们对面部图像和噪声纹理进行了分类。根据 74 名参与者的重测评估，结果在整个测试日内都是可靠的。此外，对照实验显示，涉及房屋图像或白噪声的对比具有相似的 ERP 起始点。面部敏感度不随年龄变化，这表明面部敏感度在成人一生的 100 毫秒内发生。最后，面部纹理对比的简单性以及效果的主要中线分布表明面部反应是由相对简单的图像属性引起的，并且不是特定于面部的。我们的结果为人类视觉系统中对复杂物体的最早神经元反应提供了一个新的较低基准。
How early does the brain decode object categories? Addressing this question is critical to constrain the type of neuronal architecture supporting object categorization. In this context, much effort has been devoted to estimating face processing speed. With onsets estimated from 50 to 150 ms, the timing of the first face‐sensitive responses in humans remains controversial. This controversy is due partially to the susceptibility of dynamic brain measurements to filtering distortions and analysis issues. Here, using distributions of single‐trial event‐related potentials (ERPs), causal filtering, statistical analyses at all electrodes and time points, and effective correction for multiple comparisons, we present evidence that the earliest categorical differences start around 90 ms following stimulus presentation. These results were obtained from a representative group of 120 participants, aged 18–81, who categorized images of faces and noise textures. The results were reliable across testing days, as determined by test–retest assessment in 74 of the participants. Furthermore, a control experiment showed similar ERP onsets for contrasts involving images of houses or white noise. Face onsets did not change with age, suggesting that face sensitivity occurs within 100 ms across the adult lifespan. Finally, the simplicity of the face–texture contrast, and the dominant midline distribution of the effects, suggest the face responses were evoked by relatively simple image properties and are not face specific. Our results provide a new lower benchmark for the earliest neuronal responses to complex objects in the human visual system.