E M E R G I N G I N F E C T I O N S I N V I T E D a R T I C L E Human Infections Due to Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies Equisimilis
E M E R G I N G I N F E C T I O N S I N V I T E D a R T I C L E Human Infections Due to Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies Equisimilis
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新兴感染性疾病邀请文章 停乳链球菌类马亚种引起的人类感染
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通讯作者：
B. Spellerberg
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作者：
James M Hughes;Mary E Wilson;C. Brandt;B. Spellerberg
人类链球菌属于半乳糖不良链球菌亚种（SDSE），长期以来一直以b溶血群C和G链球菌的名称为人所知。在过去的几年里，广泛的分类学研究已经将大多数属于兰斯菲尔德C和G群的兽医病原体与人类起源的病原体区分开来。在被认为无致病性多年后，SDSE现在被认为是一种重要的细菌病原体。该物种引起的疾病的临床谱与化脓性链球菌感染非常相似，包括链球菌后后遗症的发生。根据这些观察结果，许多存在于化脓性链球菌中的毒力因子也可以在SDSE菌株中发现。毒力基因的高核苷酸序列同一性以及这些基因与可移动遗传元件的关联支持了化脓性链球菌物种之间广泛的水平基因转移事件的假设。最近的流行病学研究表明，侵袭性SDSE感染的数量不断增加，通常发生在免疫功能低下的患者中，并表明该物种在不久的将来可能会获得更大的临床重要性。为了更好地了解SDSE不断变化的流行病学和致病性，必须提高对这些微生物作为人类病原体的认识并进行适当的鉴定。欠乳链球菌（SDSE）属于化脓性链球菌，常被称为b溶血性链球菌。根据最近的分类学研究，目前将形成大集落的人类C和G链球菌群归为SDSE[1,2]。这些微生物的致病性已被越来越多地认识到，具有与化脓性链球菌引起的疾病相似的广谱疾病。历史上，dysgalactiae至少由5个不同的亚群组成（表1）。1996年，Vandamme等人首次提出将S. dysgalactiae分为2个亚种：人类C群和G群菌株的SDSE亚种nova和所有动物源菌株的S. dysgalactiae亚种dysgalactic （SDSD）亚种nova。然而，人类和动物分离的半乳糖失调链球菌的遗传关系仍然存在争议。迄今为止使用最广泛的分类是由Vieira等人于1998年提出的，基于DNA-DNA杂交试验和多位点酶电泳。它将所有b溶血性C、L群和人类G群链球菌定义为SDSE，仅将a溶血性或非溶血性C群链球菌定义为SDSD。Lancefield C群和G群的化脓性链球菌在20世纪70年代末和80年代初成为重要的人类病原体[3，…]
Human streptococci that belong to Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE) have long been known under the name of b-hemolytic groups C and G streptococci. Extensive taxonomic studies during the past years have distinguished most of the veterinary pathogens belonging to Lancefield groups C and G from those of human origin. After being considered nonpathogenic for many years, SDSE is now recognized as an important bacterial pathogen. The clinical spectrum of diseases caused by this species closely resembles Streptococcus pyogenes infections, including the occurrence of poststreptococcal sequelae. In accordance with these observations, many of the virulence factors present in S. pyogenes can also be found in SDSE strains. High nucleotide-sequence identities in virulence genes and the association of these genes with mobile genetic elements support the hypothesis of extensive horizontal gene-transfer events among streptococcal species of the pyogenic group. Recent epidemiological studies have shown increasing numbers of invasive SDSE infections, often among immuno-compromised patients, and suggest that this species will probably gain even more clinical importance in the near future. For a better understanding of the changing epidemiology and pathogenicity of SDSE, an increased awareness of these microorganisms as human pathogens and proper identification are mandatory. Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equismilis (SDSE) belongs to the group of pyogenic streptococci, which are often referred to as b-hemolytic streptococci. According to recent taxonomic studies, large colony–forming human groups C and G strep-tococci are currently classified as SDSE [1, 2]. The pathogenicity of these microorganisms has been increasingly recognized, with a wide spectrum of disease similar to that caused by Strepto-coccus pyogenes [3]. Historically, the species S. dysgalactiae consists of at least 5 distinct subgroups (table 1). In 1996, Vandamme et al [1] first suggested the division of S. dysgalactiae into 2 subspecies: SDSE subspecies nova for human groups C and G strains and S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) subspecies nova for all strains of animal origin. The genetic relationship between human and animal isolates of S. dysgalactiae, however, remains controversial. The most widely used classification to date was proposed by Vieira et al [2] in 1998 and is based on DNA-DNA hybridization tests and multilocus enzyme electropho-resis. It defines all b-hemolytic groups C and L and human group G streptococci as SDSE and only the a-hemolytic or nonhemolytic group C streptococci as SDSD. Pyogenic streptococci of Lancefield groups C and G emerged as important human pathogens in the late 1970s and early 1980s [3, …
人类而非动物相关的 G 组链球菌病原体中存在 A 组相关 M 蛋白基因的证据。
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Simpson,WJ;Robbins,JC;Cleary,PP
通讯作者：
Cleary,PP