If cumulative risk assessment is the answer, what is the question?
If cumulative risk assessment is the answer, what is the question?
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9330
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Sexton, Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Callahan, Michael A.;Sexton, Ken
累积风险是指通过所有相关途径暴露于多种压力源（包括生物、化学、物理和心理社会实体）的综合威胁。累积风险评估是一种组织和分析信息的工具，用于检查、表征和量化多种环境压力对人类健康或生态资源的综合不利影响。美国环境保护署（EPA）已经开始了一项长期的努力，以制定未来的累积风险评估准则，包括在2003年出版的一个框架，描述了该过程的重要特征，并讨论了理论问题，技术问题和关键定义。该框架将累积风险评估过程分为三个相互关联的阶段：a）规划、范围界定和问题表述; B）分析; c）解释和风险定性。它还讨论了试图分析来自多个压力源的累积风险所带来的额外复杂性，并描述了一些可以使用的理论方法。累积风险评估指南的制定是美国环保署风险评估方法从单一压力源、终点、来源、途径和暴露途径的狭隘关注向更广泛、更全面的方法过渡的一个基本要素，该方法涉及通过所有相关来源、途径和途径分析累积暴露于多种压力源的综合影响。关键词：可加性假设，组合风险，累积风险，混合物，多重压力源，风险评估指南。环境健康展望115：799-806（2006）。
Cumulative risk refers to the combined threats from exposure via all relevant routes to multiple stressors including biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial entities. Cumulative risk assessment is a tool for organizing and analyzing information to examine, characterize, and possibly quantify the combined adverse effects on human health or ecologic resources from multiple environmental stressors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has initiated a long-term effort to develop future guidelines for cumulative risk assessment, including publication in 2003 of a framework that describes important features of the process and discusses theoretical issues, technical matters, and key definitions. The framework divides the process of cumulative risk assessment into three interrelated phases: a) planning, scoping, and problem formulation; b) analysis; and c) interpretation and risk characterization. It also discusses the additional complexities introduced by attempts to analyze cumulative risks from multiple stressors and describes some of the theoretical approaches that can be used. The development of guidelines for cumulative risk assessment is an essential element in the transition of the U.S. EPA risk assessment methodology from a narrow focus on a single stressor, end point, source, pathway, and exposure route to a broader, more holistic approach involving analysis of combined effects of cumulative exposure to multiple stressors via all relevant sources, pathways, and routes. Key words: additivity assumption, combined risk, cumulative risk, mixtures, multiple stressors, risk assessment guidelines. Environ Health Perspect 115:799-806 (2006).