The Role of Wing Coloration in Sex Recognition and Competitor Recognition in Rubyspot Damselflies (Hetaerina spp.)
The Role of Wing Coloration in Sex Recognition and Competitor Recognition in Rubyspot Damselflies (Hetaerina spp.)
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.12382
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Anderson, Christopher N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grether, Gregory F.;Drury, Jonathan P.;Anderson, Christopher N.
动物用来区分不同年龄和性别类别的同种动物的决策规则，与理解密切相关的物种如何在同系中相互作用有关。在红斑豆娘（Hetaerina spp.）中，成熟雄性的红色翅膀被认为是物种内性别识别和竞争对手识别的关键特征，也是种间雄性-雄性攻击的直接触发因素。我们通过操纵被拴住的同种入侵者的翅膀颜色和测量三种物种的领地所有者的反应来验证这一假设。正如预测的那样，用黑色墨水覆盖成年雄性的红色斑点几乎消除了领地反应，在某些情况下，领地所有者紧紧抓住涂黑的雄性，就好像它们是雌性一样。在雌性翅膀上添加红色斑点会引发领土反应，几乎消除了性反应。带有人造红点的未成熟雄虫受到攻击的频率与成熟雄虫相同，而且比未成熟雄虫受到攻击的频率要高得多。结果因物种而异。在黑翅鸟中，黑翅鸟是唯一一种翅膀上有大量黑色色素的物种，将入侵者的红斑变黑的效果在地理和季节上都是不同的。但是，即使把雄性入侵者的红点涂黑并没有减少领地占有者的攻击反应，在雌性翅膀上添加人造红点也会引起攻击反应，几乎消除了性反应。本研究的结果进一步证实了小飞蛾的种间攻击是由领土信号的重叠引起的，而小飞蛾的黑色翅膀色素减少了种间攻击。
The decision rules that animals use for distinguishing between conspecifics of different age and sex classes are relevant for understanding how closely related species interact in sympatry. In rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.), the red wing coloration of mature males is hypothesized to be a key trait for sex recognition and competitor recognition within species and the proximate trigger for interspecific male-male aggression. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the wing coloration of tethered conspecific intruders and measuring the responses of territory holders of three species in the field. As predicted, covering the red spots of mature males with black ink nearly eliminated territorial responses, and in some cases, territorial holders clasped the blackened males as if they were females. Adding red spots to female wings triggered territorial responses and nearly eliminated sexual responses. Immature males with artificial red spots were attacked at the same rate as mature male intruders, and much more frequently than were immature male controls. The results varied somewhat by species. In H.titia, the only species of Hetaerina with substantial black wing pigmentation, the effects of blackening the red spots of intruders varied both geographically and seasonally. But even when blackening the red spots of male intruders did not reduce the aggressive response of H.titia territory holders, adding artificial red spots to female wings elicited aggressive responses and nearly eliminated sexual responses. The results of this study further strengthen the evidence that interspecific aggression in Hetaerina results from overlap in territorial signals and that the derived black wing pigmentation of H.titia reduces interspecific aggression.