Sleep deprivation differentially affects subcomponents of cognitive control
Sleep deprivation differentially affects subcomponents of cognitive control
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DOI：
10.1093/sleep/zsz016
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Huster, Rene J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kusztor, Aniko;Raud, Liisa;Huster, Rene J.
研究目标 尽管长期以来人们都知道睡眠剥夺会对认知表现产生负面影响，但其作用的确切机制以及哪些认知领域受影响最大仍然存在争议。目前的研究提供了一种理论驱动的方法来检查和解释睡眠不足的有害影响，重点关注注意力和认知控制。 方法 24 名参与者（12 名女性；年龄：24±3 岁）完成了实验，其中涉及实验室控制的整夜睡眠剥夺和两个控制条件，即在家正常休息一晚和在实验室睡眠一晚。使用停止信号任务与脑电图记录相结合，我们分离了有助于任务表现的不同过程，例如持续注意力、自动或自下而上的处理以及战略或自上而下的控制。在行为层面，我们提取了反应时间、反应准确性和行为调整标记（错误后和停止后减慢），而在神经层面，获得了在反应抑制（N2/P3）和错误监测（ERN/P-e）背景下发现的事件相关电位（ERP）。 结果发现，24小时睡眠剥夺导致持续注意力下降，P300和P-e幅度降低，表明自上而下控制的逐渐崩溃。相比之下，N200 和 ERN 以及停止信号反应时间显示出对睡眠不足的更高恢复力，这表明自动处理的作用。结论这些结果支持这样的观点，即睡眠剥夺对相对更依赖于精神努力和/或认知能力的认知功能更有害，而不是更自动的控制过程。
Study Objectives Although sleep deprivation has long been known to negatively affect cognitive performance, the exact mechanisms through which it acts and what cognitive domains are affected most is still disputed. The current study provides a theory-driven approach to examine and explain the detrimental effects of sleep loss with a focus on attention and cognitive control.Methods Twenty-four participants (12 females; age: 24 3 years) completed the experiment that involved laboratory-controlled over-night sleep deprivation and two control conditions, namely, a normally rested night at home and a night of sleep in the laboratory. Using a stop signal task in combination with electroencephalographic recordings, we dissociated different processes contributing to task performance such as sustained attention, automatic or bottom-up processing, and strategic or top-down control. At the behavioral level, we extracted reaction times, response accuracy, and markers of behavioral adjustments (post-error and post-stop slowing), whereas at the neural level event-related potentials (ERP) found in context of response inhibition (N2/P3) and error monitoring (ERN/P-e) were obtained.Results It was found that 24 hr of sleep deprivation resulted in declined sustained attention and reduced P300 and P-e amplitudes, demonstrating a gradual breakdown of top-down control. In contrast, N200 and ERN as well as the stop-signal reaction time showed higher resilience to sleep loss signifying the role of automatic processing.Conclusions These results support the notion that sleep deprivation is more detrimental to cognitive functions that are relatively more dependent on mental effort and/or cognitive capacity, as opposed to more automatic control processes.