The changing public image of smoking in the United States: 1964-2014.
The changing public image of smoking in the United States: 1964-2014.
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0798
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发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Proctor RN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cummings KM;Proctor RN
过去一个世纪，烟草使用行为发生了显着变化。在 20 世纪上半叶卷烟使用率急剧上升之后，成人吸烟率从 1964 年达到的峰值开始下降。美国卫生局局长报告从 1964 年开始几乎每年发布一次，这有助于人们更好地了解吸烟的健康风险。降低吸烟率的众多因素包括认识到烟草使用是一种成瘾和癌症原因，以及对吸入二手烟的不良影响的担忧。这些因素导致社会对吸烟的接受度下降，特别是随着对公共场所吸烟的法律限制、大众媒体的反营销活动以及更高的卷烟税的出现。本文回顾了一些帮助改变吸烟公众形象的力量，重点关注 1964 年卫生局局长关于吸烟与健康的报告以来的 50 年。
Tobacco use behaviors have changed significantly over the past century. After a steep increase in cigarette use rates over the first half of the 20th century, adult smoking prevalence rates started declining from their peak reached in 1964. Improved understanding of the health risks of smoking has been aided by the United States Surgeon General’s Reports, issued on a nearly annual basis starting in 1964. Among the many forces driving down smoking prevalence were the recognition of tobacco use as an addiction and cause of cancer, along with concerns about the ill-effects of breathing secondhand smoke. These factors contributed to the declining social acceptance of smoking, especially with the advent of legal restrictions on smoking in public spaces, mass media counter- marketing campaigns, and higher taxes on cigarettes. This paper reviews some of the forces that have helped change the public image of smoking, focusing on the 50 years since the 1964 Surgeon General’s report on smoking and health.