On the Quantum Measurement Problem
On the Quantum Measurement Problem
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-38987-5_5
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Brukner, Caslav
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作者：
Brukner, Caslav
在这篇文章中，我试图对我对量子力学中测量问题的理解进行个人陈述，这在很大程度上是在哥本哈根解释的传统中。我假设（1）量子态是一个（真实的或假设的）观察者相对于她的实验能力的知识的表示;（2）测量有确定的结果，在这个意义上，只有一个结果发生;（3）量子理论是普遍的，测量过程的不可逆性只是“为了所有的实际目的”。这些假设在量子理论中进行了分析，它们的一致性在多伊奇版本的维格纳的朋友gedanken实验中得到了检验，在这个实验中，朋友向维格纳透露她是否观察到了一个确定的结果，但不透露她观察到了什么结果。维格纳和他的朋友认为“世界事实”共存的观点遇到了隐变量程序的问题。解决之道在于理解“事实”只能相对于观察者而存在。
In this paper, I attempt a personal account of my understanding of the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, which has been largely in the tradition of the Copenhagen interpretation. I assume that (i) the quantum state is a representation of knowledge of a (real or hypothetical) observer relative to her experimental capabilities; (ii) measurements have definite outcomes in the sense that only one outcome occurs; (iii) quantum theory is universal and the irreversibility of the measurement process is only "for all practical purposes". These assumptions are analyzed within quantum theory and their consistency is tested in Deutsch's version of the Wigner's friend gedanken experiment, where the friend reveals to Wigner whether she observes a definite outcome without revealing which outcome she observes. The view that holds the coexistence of the "facts of the world" common both for Wigner and his friend runs into the problem of the hidden variable program. The solution lies in understanding that "facts" can only exist relative to the observer.